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UKCD Histo Lec 1 Test

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1.
What is the function of each Golgi face?
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2.
What is the glycocalyx and what is its function?
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3.
How do the two membranes that compose its shell differ?
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4.
Name the 4 major phospholipids found in the plasma membrane. Name an additional phospholipid only found in the inner leaflet of the membrane?
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5.
Name the various regions of the nucleolus. What does each represent?
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6.
How does a peroxisome differ from a lysosome?
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7.
Name the two types of phagosomes and state how they differ
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8.
What is a lipid raft?
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9.
What dos the perinuclear space communicate with?
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10.
Name one thing that commonly passes through nuclear pores.
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11.
How are the acid hydrolases of lysosomes produced?
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12.
Which is most predominant of the main components of the plasma membrane?
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13.
Which component of the cell may be attached to the membrane proteins?
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14.
What is the function of a lysosome
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15.
How do bound (attached) ribosomes differ from unbound (free)?
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16.
What is a residual body?
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17.
Which cell membranes contain no cholesterol as a form of lipid component?
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18.
How do cytoplasmic proteins destined for the mitochondria get there?
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19.
What is a glycolipid and where are they found?
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20.
How does a primary lysosome differ from a secondary one?
A.
Membrane regions enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, either devoid of structural protein/enriched in specific type, modifies composition/function
B.
The glycocalx is the surface carbohydrates (glycolipids and glycoproteins) that attach to the lipid or protein moeities of the outer layer of the cell memebrane. They function in cell adhesion, receptor sites as well as cell (‘self’) recognition.
C.
The lumen of adjacent cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D.
To digest materials found within, or brought into, a cell.
E.
Lipids are most numerous but proteins comprise the largest portion by weight.
F.
Attached ribosomes are bound to the outer surface of the membrane forming the rER cisterna. Unbound (free) ribosomes float freely within the cytoplasm.
G.
cis- receives transporting vesicles from rER. medial- site where most glycosylation occurs trans- where most of the condensing vacuoles exit the Golgi with material that is either mature or in its final maturative stages
H.
Cytoskeletal elements – generally microfilaments like actin
I.
Bacteria have no cholesterol in their cell membrane
J.
Phospholipids with a carbohydrate moiety attached to their head region. They are localized in only the external leaflet of the cell membrane
K.
In particular the exit of ribosomal and messenger forms of RNA.
L.
Enzyme proteins transported to the mitochondrial matrix must cross both outer and inner mitochondrial membranes and required targeting polypeptide signals and chaperones to enable proteins to reach the matrix via receptors on both membranes
M.
A primary lysosome is a membrane-bound vesicle formed by the Golgi that contains hydrolytic enyzmes; a secondary lysosome is the result of fusion of a primary lysosome with a membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicle (formation of a digestive vacuole).
N.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol. Phosphatidylinositol is only found in the inner leaflet.
O.
The remaining portions of a phagosome that prove to be undigestible and are stored in membrane-bound residual bodies within the cytoplasm of the cell. These generally accumulate with age.
P.
fibillar center- chromatin containing repeated rRNA genes, presence of RNA polymerase I/signal recognition particle RNA dense fibrillar component- nascent rRNA is present/undergoing processing; granular component of finish assembly of ribosomal subunits
Q.
A phagosome is a membrane-bound vesicle within the cytyoplsm of a cell that contains some sort of particulate matter.
R.
mem-bound structures assembled from proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and then imported into peroxisomes. Proteins are targeted to the interior of the peroxisome by targeting amino acid signals. They are not cleaved after entrance into the peroxisome
S.
Through the conversion of ATP to ADP, hydrogen ions are cleaved and are moved into the membrane-bound lysosome to reduce the pH to 5.0 and maintain the potency of the acid hydrolases stored in the lysosome
T.
The outer rmembrane is highly permeable and has less surface area than the inner. The inner membrane is thrown into folds (cristae) to increase its surface are and it is highly selective in its permeability.
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21.
endoplasmic reticulum encloses aged cell comp, form autophagosome, fuses w/ 1 lysosome

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