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Muscles 3 Test

Enter the letter for the matching Definition
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1.
Peristalsis
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2.
Slow-Twitch fibers
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3.
Anaerobic pathway
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4.
Fast-Twitch intermediate
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5.
Aerobic endurance
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6.
Cardiac muscle
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7.
Carbohydrate loading
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8.
Anaerobic (lactate) threshold
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9.
Glycogen-lactate system
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10.
Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 Max)
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11.
Short-duration, high intensity exercise (10 seconds)
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12.
Low-intensity exercise fatigue
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13.
ATP
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14.
Resistance training (weightlifting)
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15.
Glucose and Fatty acid
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16.
Stress-relaxation response
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17.
Prolonged-duration exercise
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18.
Short-duration, high-intensity exercise (6 seconds)
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19.
High-intensity exercise fatigue
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20.
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
A.
When stretched, tissue briefly contracts then relaxes; helps prevent emptying while gradually filling
B.
Length of time muscle contracts using aerobic pathways; often used in light-to-moderate activity, which can continue for hours
C.
Slow Oxidative, red, Type I; well adapted for endurance, carrying lots of mitochondria, capillaries, and myoglobin. Relatively thin and grouped in small units for precise movements, they are important for muscles that maintain posture.
D.
ATP is formed from creatine phosphate and ADP (direct phosphorylation)
E.
Glycolysis and Lactic Acid formation. Enables production of ATP without oxygen, but yields little ATP and lactate.
F.
The pathway from glycogen to lactate, produces enough ATP for 30-40 seconds of maximum activity
G.
Point at which lactate becomes detectable in the blood
H.
Type IIA; fast twitch fibers that are fatigue resistant. Found in other animals, but rare in humans.
I.
ATP is generated by breakdown of several nutrient energy fuels by aerobic pathway
J.
The organic energy sources for ATP synthesis
K.
The difference between the resting rate of oxygen consumption and the elevated rate following exercise (11 L debt); needed to replace reserves, replenish the phosphagen system, serve the elevated metabolic rate, and oxidize lactic acid
L.
Energy molecule needed for both muscle contraction and relaxation; moves and detaches cross bridges, pumps calcium back into SR, and pumps Na and K ions back to their original positions after excitation-relaxation coupling. Depleted in 4-6 seconds.
M.
ATP stored in the muscles are used first
N.
Thought to result from fuel depletion, electrolyte loss, and central fatigue when less motor signals are issued from the brain
O.
Contraction of a muscle against a load that resists movement; stimulates muscle growth and muscles grow thicker
P.
The point at which the rate of oxygen consumption reaches a plateau and does not increase further with an added workload
Q.
Dietary regimen that packs extra glycogen into muscle cells, giving more energy, but adding a sense of heaviness
R.
Waves of contraction brought about by food distending the esophagus or feces distending the colon
S.
Thought to result from potassium accumulation in T tubules and excess ADP and Pi (which slows cross-bridge movements, inhibits calcium release, and decrease force production in myofibrils)
T.
Short and thick striated muscle that contains intercalated discs; attached to neighbors by gap junctions, reparable by fibrosis, is autorhythmic, and uses aerobic respiration.
Type the Term that corresponds to the displayed Definition.
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21.
Transfers Pi from from ADP to another ADP, making ATP
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22.
Produces far more ATP and does not generate lactate, but requires a continual supply of oxygen. Fuel includes glycose from glycogen, then bloodborne glucose, then free fatty acids.
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23.
Point at which the muscle metabolism converts to anaerobic pathway
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24.
Drug that increases level of creatine phosphate in muscle tissue, increasing speed of ATP regeneration. Useful in burst-type exercises, but may lead to muscle cramping and kidney disease
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25.
Nonstriated muscle that lacks T tubules; calcium instead drawn from ECF. Lacks nerve supply, but is able to undergo mitosis. Has a fusiform shape with one nucleus, and contains dense bodies instead of Z discs.
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26.
Obtains Pi from phosphate storage to ADP, making ATP
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27.
The physiological inability to contract despite continued stimulation, usually occurring when there are ionic imbalances. Lack of ATP is rarely a reason for fatigue unless muscles have been severely stressed
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28.
The combination of ATP and CP which provides all energy for short bursts (~6 seconds) of activity
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29.
The ability to maintain high-intensity exercise for more than 4 to 5 minutes. Determined in large part by one's maximum oxygen uptake.
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30.
Fast Glycolytic, white, Type II; adapted for quick responses, carrying myosin with fast ATPase and a large SR that acts fast. Fibers are thick and are grouped in large units, they are important for quick and powerful movements

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