WGU IWC1
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| abstract art | art that departs from natural or realistic appearances
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| Abstract Expressionism | art movement of mid-20th century that emphasized spontaneous and dramatic personal expression in large abstract paintings
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| acoustics | the science of sound, concerned primarily with the production, propagation, and perception of sound
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| Acrylic | a paint made of color pigments with a synthetic polymer as a binder; it does not darken or yellow with age
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| Addition | when a sculptor adds or combines material (sometimes called built sculpture)
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| harmony (music) | wo or more tones played or sung at the same time; the composition and progression of chords, simultaneous sounds, and counterpoint
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| hedonism | he pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle
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| Heresy | challenge to or rejection of the orthodox doctrines of a religion or church
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| hero's journey | the mythic quest in pursuit of some destination or goal whose attainment will lend greater meaning to life
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| high comedy | omedy which is subtle, sophisticated, tasteful and intellectual
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| High relief | culptural relief in which forms extend from the background to at least half their depth
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| Hinduism | ominant religion of India based on worship of many gods, including Brahma, and the teachings of the Vedas and the Bhagavad Gita
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| hip-hop music | usic developed in African-American communities during the late 1970s that features rhythmic and rhyming speech ("rapping") and a 4
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| homophonic | music that moves from chord to chord, without undue elaboration, or with a simple melody
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| Hue | the common name of a color (red, blue, green, yellow) and its position in the spectrum or on the color wheel
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| Humanism | the study of the creative and intellectual contributions of human cultures
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| Humanities | the creative and intellectual contributions of humankind
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| hypothetical imperatives | Kantian term for actions conditioned on some goal or desire
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| iconoclasm | deliberate destruction of religious art, imagery, icons, and other symbols or monuments
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| illuminated manuscript | text that is decorated with ornamental designs, miniatures, or lettering, often with gold leaf or silver
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| Imagery | employment of evocative images in works of art, especially poetry and literature, where words can summon up "mental pictures" for the reader
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| Impasto | the thick application of paint creating a textured surface on the canvas
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| Impressionism | movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that emphasized simplified composition and the effect of light and color to capture a painter's visual impression
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| improvisation | variations on a musical theme spontaneously created
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| improvisational dance | dance that is free form movement created and performed spontaneously
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| Inductive reasoning | reasoning that proceeds from particular facts to a general conclusion
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| Instrumentalism | philosophic theory that ideas are instruments of response and adaptation to a given situation, and that their truth is to be judged in terms of their effectiveness
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| Intaglio | a printing technique in which an image is printed from a recessed design incised or etched into the surface of a plate
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| Intensity | the strength, or purity of a color
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| intermezzo | a composition which is performed between acts of a play or movements of a larger musical work
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| interval | the difference in pitch between tones, usually expressed in the number of steps
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| Ionic order | classical Greek architectural style that features a fluted column shaft, capitals with volutes (spiral scroll-like ornaments) and a large base
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| Islam | monotheistic religion based on the Qur'an and teaching that there is only one God and that Mohammed is his prophet
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| Jainism | ancient Hindu religion which emphasizes harmlessness (nonviolence) and renunciation
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| jazz dance | movements and gestures inspired by jazz
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| jazz fusion | form of jazz that began in the 1970s and combines jazz with other genres, including rock and rhythm and blues
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| jazz music | musical style developed by African-Americans at the beginning of the 20th century that is an amalgamation of African and European music, featuring improvisation, syncopation, polyrhythms and the use of "swing time"
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| jeté | in ballet, a leap, pushing off from one leg and landing on the other
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| Judaism | monotheistic religion of the Jews based on the Torah; Jews believe that they are God's Chosen People meant to live a holy and ethical life
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| jump cut | immediate transition from one moment in a shot to a later moment in the same shot, causing an abrupt shift in the subject's position
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| Juxtaposition | the side-by-side placement of objects in an artwork or composition
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| karma | the belief that the good and evil a person does will return either in this life or in a later one
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| key | a specific scale, determined by the first note in that scale, which dominates in a section of music
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| Law of the Golden Section | law that expresses the most aesthetically satisfying relationship between the two sides of a plane (for example, a rectangle); the ratio is 1 to 1.68
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| leap of faith | Kierkegaard's notion that belief in God requires us to overcome any rational doubts and embrace faith
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| libertarianism | political philosophy which emphasizes personal and individual liberty above collective social interests
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| Line (art) | the path of a moving point through space
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| line (dance) | compositional element of dance which describes the linear nature of the body's positioning
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| linear perspective | creation of the illusion of depth based on the fact that parallel lines or edges appear to converge, and objects appear smaller as the distance between them and a viewer increases
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| Linear sculpture | a sculpture employing two-dimensional materials
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| Lithography | a printing technique employing the antipathy of oil and water; a flat surface with a design area (image) that is ink-receptive is printed and the non-printed area is ink-repellent
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| Logic | thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about ideas or problems
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| long shot | camera shot where the subject(s) are at a distance that gives them context, devoting about half of the frame to the actor(s), emphasizing their surroundings
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| low comedy | comedy which is often vulgar, rude, coarse and physical
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| Low relief | sculptural relief that projects very little from the background; also called bas-relief
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| madrigal | a polyphonic vocal work, usually written for four or five voices, setting a pastoral poem to music, performed without instrumental accompaniment, and intended for secular use
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| Mahabharata | major religious epic of ancient India and a major text of Hinduism
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| Mahayana | Buddhist discipline that emphasizes selfless action on behalf of others
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| Manipulation | when a sculptor shapes the material by hand (modeling clay or other materials)
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| Mannerism | art movement of the Late Renaissance that emphasized artificiality, clashing colors, and emotional themes
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| Mass (art) | the size, shape, and volume of three-dimensional forms
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| mass (music) | a vocal composition including the sung portions of the Roman Catholic liturgy, primarily in Latin
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| master shot | uninterrupted shot of an entire scene, usually used as a timing and pacing reference during the editing process
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| Materialism | philosophical position that all processes, phenomena, and objects
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| megaliths | large stone monuments of the Neolithic period (such as Stonehenge)
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| melodrama | a drama with exaggerated characters and plot intended to appeal to the emotions
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| melody | succession of tones in a given sequence that possesses certain subjective qualities - a perceivable coherence, an inevitability, and a sense of completion
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| Mesolithic art | art of the Middle Stone Age, circa 10,000-8,000 B.C.E.
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| Metaphor | a figure of speech in which something is explained in terms of something else
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| meter | grouping of beats into measures
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| microliths | small stone tools, usually made of flint or chert, from the Mesolithic period
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| haiku | Japanese verse form with three lines of five, seven, and five syllables often alluding to the subject of nature or the seasons
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| halakhah | Rabbinic religious law
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| Harlem Renaissance | period of vibrant African-American cultural and intellectual life during the 1920s and 1930s, centered in New York City's Harlem neighborhood
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| Harmony (art) | congruity or compatibility of parts with one another and with the whole; the state of all elements being in perfect balance
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| suspension of disbelief | an audience's willingness to accept events onstage as true or plausible during a performance
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| Symbolism | use of a symbol, object, or image to represent something else (that is, a concept or idea)
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| Symmetry | the exact duplication of elements (shapes, forms, etc) on either side of a (usually imaginary) straight-lined central axis
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| Sympathetic magic | a mythic ceremony or ritual found in early societies designed to influence the behavior of deities or supernatural forces
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| symphony | a full orchestral work usually in four movements
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| syncopation (music) | in music, when normally unaccented beats are accented in a piece of music
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| syncopation (dance) | dance that involves steps to an unstressed beat; improvised or rehearsed execution of more rhythmical step patterns
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| Synthesis | the combination of thesis and antithesis which produces a new and higher level of truth
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| synthesizer | electronic instrument that produces a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequencies; it can either imitate other instruments or generate unusual new sounds
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| Tempera | a water-based paint that uses egg, glue, or casein as a binder; it dries with a flat, dull finish, which means it is not as luminous as oil paint
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| tempo | measured pace at which a composition is played
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| Ten Commandments | moral rules given by God to the prophet Moses, according to the Hebrew Bible
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| Tensile strength | ability of a material to withstand bending
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| Texture (art) | the surface quality (roughness or smoothness) of materials, either actual or implied
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| texture (music) | a component of orchestration, referring in a descriptive way to the number of instruments playing at any one time
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| The Eightfold Path | the Buddhist guide to a life of peace and harmony including eight directives for living a "right" life
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| The Forms | Plato's concept that there are ideal essences (the Forms) of objects or things
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| The Golden Mean | desirable middle between two extremes, between excess and inadequacy, as defined by Aristotle
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| The Hero's Journey | the mythic quest in pursuit of some destination or goal whose attainment will lend greater meaning to life
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| the Virtues | those traits of character or admirable properties allowing humans to achieve a virtuous life
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| The Way | the path of the morally enlightened individual in Daoist teaching
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| theater | the art of writing and producing plays, a collaborative medium of artistic expression
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| Theater of Alienation | dramatic genre associated with Bertold Brecht which sought to create emotional distance by highlighting artificiality of the theater, so the audience would watch objectively and focus on ideas
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| Theater of Cruelty | dramatic genre which assaults the senses through shocking scenes with a goal of alienation and entertainment
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| theme | a musical idea repeated through a composition
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| tilting | vertical movement of the camera from a fixed position
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| timbre | the "color" of a tone, meaning which instrument plays it; the color or quality of the musical sound being produced
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| title cards | explanatory printed text on cards inserted into a film
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| toccata | musical style that allows the performer to present variations on a stated theme and display virtuosity
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| tonal music | music that is written in a specific key
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| Tone (music) | the basic element of music, also called a note; it is used to construct a melody
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| tone a single note of a definite frequency | formal Islamic prayer performed by Muslims five times a day
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| Torah | the Hebrew Bible
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| tracking shot | camera shot that moves directly toward or away from the subject or alongside the subject through the use of a rolling platform called a dolly
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| tragedy | a drama with a unpleasant ending, generally involving the downfall of a flawed protagonist, which often involves catharsis
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| tragic flaw | a defect in the hero's character
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| Transcendentalism | philosophical movement during the Romantic era that emphasized feeling over reason and the role of the individual finding an intuitive relation to the universe through solitude amid nature
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| Trompe l'oeil | a style of painting that creates the optical illusion of three dimensionality
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| turning point | a moment in the drama where the main character must make a crucial decision, one which will determine his fate; also called the crisis
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| Unities | neoclassical requirements for theater: unity of time; unity of place; and unity of action
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| Unity | when all elements in a work of art give a sense of oneness or self-contained completeness
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| universal values | common values or ethical beliefs required for a society or community to survive and function that apply across all cultures
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| Utilitarianism | ethical theory that the greatest good for the greatest number should be the only criterion for moral decisions
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| Value | the relative lightness or darkness of color
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| Variation (art) | how often an element is used and the relationship of one element to another
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| Vedas | ancient Hindu sacred writings
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| Veil of Ignorance | mental device to enable individuals to develop a standard of justice while remaining ignorant of their own place in or value in this imagined society
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| Venus figurines | Paleolithic art objects depicting women with exaggerated hips and breasts; thought to be portable fertility totems.
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| verisimilitude | the appearance of truth or reality in theater (stage set, dialogue, etc.)
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| Victorian photography | photography in the 19th century that experimented with realistic portraits and images of literary and biblical scenes
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| virtue | the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong
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| Virtue Ethics | ethical system that emphasizes moral character and development of the virtues as a basis for moral action
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| virtuoso | a dancer who performs with great expertise or technical ability
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| Watercolor | a vivid water-based paint, usually applied to paper, with outstanding brilliance and translucence; also, term for resulting artwork
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| Weathering | the effect of the weather
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| wipe | a gradual transition from one image to another, accomplished by the movement of a border, edge, or shape (such as a vertical bar or an expanding circle) between the images
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| world music | term for global music (generally non-Western) that is "discovered" by Western audiences
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| wu wei | Daoist concept of following one's true nature and living such that one's deeds are natural, effortless, and moral
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| Zen Buddhism | Buddhist school found primarily in China, Japan and Korea that seeks enlightenment through meditation and the development of mental and spiritual discipline
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| sublime | a quality of greatness or vastness that is beyond calculation, comparison, or imitation; often invoked with reference to nature
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| substitution | when the sculptor molds or casts an artwork
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| subtext | unstated motivations, ideas, or tensions beneath the surface of a drama's text
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| Subtraction | when the sculptor carves or cuts away unwanted material to create the work
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| suite | a set of short musical movements, for one or any combination of instruments, or for orchestra, played in a specific order
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| Sunken relief | sculptural relief in which the image or design is modeled below the original surface of the background, which is not cut away
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| Surrealism | movement of the early 20th century influenced by Freud's focus on dreams; art assembled realistic forms in fantastical contexts
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| suspense | in drama, the creation of anticipation
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mrwallace58
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