study guide to the Teas V test for Life Science
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | -domain
-kingdom
-phylum
-class
-order
-family
-genus
-species
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| How to name a species | show 🗑
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| show | -occurs when some individual of a species are better able to survive in their environment and reproduce than others.
-survival of the fittest
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| Genes | show 🗑
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| show | Alleles
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| Alleles may contain mutations which.... | show 🗑
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| Nucleic Acids | show 🗑
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| show | -chain of nucleotides
-pentose group (sugar)
-phosphate group (the backcone which links adjoining bases together)
-nitrogenous base (encodes the genetic information ; adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine/uracil)
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| ( ) is the blueprint of the cell | show 🗑
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| ( ) is the messenger within the cell | show 🗑
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| The message stored in the bases of the DNA must be transferred to the ribosomes to make ( ) | show 🗑
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| show | cells copy the instructions in the DNA into RNA and send the messenger RNA to the ribosomes
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| show | proteins are made by the ribosomes from the information sent out to the entire cell.
(protein production from messenger RNA)
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| What are the two type of bacteria cells | show 🗑
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| show | -cell wall
-semipermeable plasma membrane
-cytoplasm
-organelles
-nucleoid
-plasmids
-ribosomes
-flagella
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| show | a rich protein fluid with gel like consistency that houses organelles
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| Organelles | show 🗑
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| show | condensed DNA of the cell ; contains the genetic blueprint for the formation of proteins
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| show | circular portions of DNA not assoc with the nucleoid ; contain a small number of genes
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| show | manufacture proteins for the cell from the RNA
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| show | long whip like projection
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| show | -semipermeable plasma membrane
-ribosomes
-endoplasmic reticulum
-golgi apparatus
-vesicle
-mitochondria
-microtubules
-nucleus
-nucleolus
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| show | tubular transport network with in the cell moving proteins to the outside of the cell through secretion ; 2 types: smooth and rough
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| show | involved in the packaging and transport of proteins in the cell ; it refines, sorts, and moves proteins
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| show | small membrane bounded sacs within the cytoplasm used to transport substances in/out of the cell ; 3 types: vacuoles ( storage unit), lysosomes (contains digestive enzymes), peroxisomes (get rids of toxins)
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| show | powerhouse of the cell where ATP is produced
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| Microtubules | show 🗑
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| Nucleus | show 🗑
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| Nucleolus | show 🗑
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| Differentiation | show 🗑
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| show | an egg in the early stages of development after fertilization
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| show | a fertilized egg
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| show | Gastrulation, in which individual tissues layers begin to form.
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| show | stem cells
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| show | the process of cell duplication in which two daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell.
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| show | Interphase, which contains two gap periods and a synthesis period.
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| Gap 1 period (G1) | show 🗑
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| show | -DNA double helix unwinds
-mRNA (that has now been synthesized into a new complementary strand) attaches itself to the exposed base pair
-two new strands of identical DNA have now formed
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| Gap 2 period (G2) | show 🗑
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| Mitosis vs Meiosis | show 🗑
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| show | Mitosis
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| show | the cells that form a new organism via sexual reproduction
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| Meiosis | show 🗑
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| Diploid Cells | show 🗑
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| show | -contain a single set of chromosomes
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| Stages of Mitosis | show 🗑
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| show | -spindle fibers form and the centrioles moves to opposite sides of the cell
-the nuclear membrane disappears
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| Metaphase | show 🗑
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| Anaphase | show 🗑
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| show | -identical sets of chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell
-spindle fibers disappear, nuclear membranes reappear, and cytokinesis completes
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| Stages of Meiosis | show 🗑
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| show | -homologous chromosomes condense and link in the process forming tetrads
-allowing crossing over or recombination to occur
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| Metaphas I | show 🗑
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| Anaphase I | show 🗑
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| Telophase I | show 🗑
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| show | -a brief stage in which spindle fibers begin to reappear and centroles move to opposite poles
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| show | -sister chromatids align at a new metaphase plate
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| Anaphase II | show 🗑
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| Telophase II | show 🗑
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| show | photosynthesis ; cellular rspiration
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| show | -energy fro mthe sunlight is trapped by green pigaments, chlorophyll, and used for synthesis of glucose.
-in the chloroplast, carbon dioxide, water and energy are used to produced ATP
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| What type of organisms use photosynthsis? | show 🗑
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| show | -glucose is broken down by the process of glycolysis, which transfer some energy into ATP
-the end-products of glycolysis are fed into the Krebs cycle to produce even more ATP
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| Cells use ( ) to carry out cellular respiration | show 🗑
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| show | Nucleus ; Genes
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| A genetic code is made up of three sequences of nitrogenous basis of DNA, and each piece is called a ( ). Which matches a specific ( ) | show 🗑
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| show | Protein
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| Genome | show 🗑
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| Mutations in the genome occur by two mechanisms: | show 🗑
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| Mismatch Repair | show 🗑
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| show | Inspects the DNA for any types of damage and attempts to repair it. If damage to the DNA strand is found, this mechanism will cut the defective strand, remove those bases, and allow the DNA polymerase to generate a new, correct piece of DNA
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| show | the physical expression of genetic traits
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| Genotypes | show 🗑
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| show | Genotype ; Phenotype
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| show | Homozygous
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| If each parents give the offspring a different allele for a particular trait, the offspring is ( ) for that trait | show 🗑
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| when look at the punnett square with two heterozygous parents.... | show 🗑
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| Incomplete Dominance | show 🗑
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