PHYSIOLOGICAL BUFFERS & GAS EXCHANGE
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| What is physiological pH? | show 🗑
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| show | retention of CO2
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| show | loss of CO2
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| metabolic acidosis | show 🗑
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| metabolic alkalosis | show 🗑
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| show | increase heart rate and make more blood cx
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| What kind of rxn is the binding / releasing of oxygen from Fe? | show 🗑
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| show | -transfers oxygen from hemoglobin to muscle cell
-no
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| How many oxygens can myoglobin bind to? | show 🗑
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| Does myoglobin exhibit cooperativity and Bohr effect? | show 🗑
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| How is CO2 carried through blood? | show 🗑
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| show | CO2 enters RBC - meets carbonic anhydrase - combines with water to form carbonic acid - bicarbonate
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| Does gas exchange require ATP? | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary arteries turns into pulmonary ______ in the lungs. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. breathe rapidly
2. make more RBC
3. develop more blood vessels
4. alter binding of hemo and oxygen
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| polycythemia | show 🗑
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| show | 40 mmHg vs. 105 mmHg
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| Do we breathe out bicarbonate? | show 🗑
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| show | chloride
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| What is a buffer? | show 🗑
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| How does kidney fit into balance of carbon dioxide in blood? | show 🗑
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| What is the shape of the O2-dissociation curve? | show 🗑
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| show | CO2 pressure, pH, temp, and 2,3-DPG
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| show | positive cooperativity in hemo
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| What does a right shift mean? | show 🗑
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| What causes a right shift? | show 🗑
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| What does a left shift mean? | show 🗑
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| show | carbon monoxide and fetal hemoglobin
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| Does oxygen or carbon monoxide have greater affinity for Hb? | show 🗑
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| show | energy conservation by having decreased arousal
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| aestivate vs. hibernate | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen-saturated Hb has reduced affinity for CO2
-facilitates transfer of CO2 from blood to lungs, tissues to blood
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| When hemo is attached to O2, is it reduced or oxidized? | show 🗑
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| How does reduced hemo (hemo with O2) act as a blood buffer? | show 🗑
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| Bohr Effect | show 🗑
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| show | In lungs, binding of O2 to Hb causes release of protons which combine with HCO3
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| show | -CO2 formation (aerobic)
-lactic acid formation (anaerobic) --> greater effect
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| show | protons bind to Hb and causes release of O2
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| How does oxygen curve look for myoglobin? | show 🗑
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| What does fetal curve look like? | show 🗑
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| show | medullar
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| What receptors monitor breathing rate? | show 🗑
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| What happens to breathing rate when acidosis? | show 🗑
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| show | CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 --> H+ + HCO3-
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| show | -excess protons can combine with bicarbonate and turn into CO2 to be expelled (maintains pH)
-forms acid in stomach
-neutralizes pH of chyme leaving stomach and entering small intestine
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| show | bicarbonate
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| show | inside RBC
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| show | chloride
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| show | decreases
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| show | -high O2: enhanced unloading of CO2
-low O2: promote loading of CO2 onto hemo
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| Haldane Effect vs. Bohr Effect | show 🗑
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| In lungs, high oxygen levels, does hemo affinity for CO2 decrease / increase? | show 🗑
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| Where does phosphoric acid come from? | show 🗑
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| Can px act as buffers? | show 🗑
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| show | H3PO4 -> H+ + H2PO4 -> H+ + HPO4 -> H+ + PO4
(H2PO4 / HPO4 is the main buffering region)
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| Why is fetal circulation complicated? | show 🗑
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