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| this embryological structure becomes the brain and spinal cord | neural tube
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| this is the only remnant of the notochord | nucleus pulposus
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| These are TRUE BACK muscles: | (REMS): Rotatores, Erector spinae (Longissimus, iliocostalis, spinalis), multifidus, semispinalis
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| true back muscles are innervated by... | posterior rami
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| true back muscles are derived from... | somites
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| everything except true back muscles and head are derived from this embryological structure and is innervated by anterior rami | lateral mesoderm
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| trapezius is innervated by | CN 11 (spinal accessory nerve)
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| Latissimus Dorsi is innervated by: | thoracodorsal nerve
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| this nerve innervates the skin and true back muscles | posterior rami
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| muscle is derived from this embryological structure | myotome
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| this is the last ligament that is touched during a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) | ligamentum flavum
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| this most extrinsic back muscles are: | trapezius, latissimus dorsi
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| name the three layers of the neural tube from innermost to outermost | neurepithelial layer, mantle layer, marginal layer
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| describe the spinal cord development | the neural tube thickens and cells in the mantle layer differentiate into alar (forms posterior horn and sensory neurons) and basal (forms anterior horn and motor neurons) plates. the Intermediate horn forms between the alar and basal plates
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| this surrounds the neural tube and notochord to become the vertebrae and ribs | clerotomal mesenchyme
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| this is a defect in which the spinous process does not form and the top of skin is covered by hair | spina bifida
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| this type of spina biffida occurs when the meninges are outside of the vertebral column | meningocele
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| this type of spina bifida occurs when the spinal cord and meninges have herneated out | meningomyelocele
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| this type of spina bifida occurs when the neural tube is folded wrong. this does not result in a viable fetus | Rachischisis
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| true/false: in an embryo, the spinal cord runs the full length of the vertebral canal. | true
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| at six months of gestation, the spinal cord ascends to this vertebral level | S1
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| in a newborn, the spinal cord runds up to this level | L2-L3
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| in a normal adult, the spinal cord runds up to this vertebral level | L1-L2
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