Horizons Chapter Four
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Rupert’s | The name given to the territory granted to the HBC in 1670 was ___ Land.
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| Hudson | Rupert’s Land was defined as all land where rivers flowed into ___ Bay.
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| pelts | The type of fur used by the HBC as a form of currency was beaver_____.
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| Stay | In its first century, the HBC followed a trade policy known as ___ by the Bay.
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| England | The HBC shipped furs to ___ directly from Hudson Bay.
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| Montreal | Unlike the HBC, the NWC was based in ___, did not have a strict trade policy, and had its employees travel to Aboriginal communities to trade.
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| Montreal | The NWC shipped furs to England via ___.
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| Factors | The hivernants of the NWC differed from the ____ of the HBC in that they were partners in their company.
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| NWC | Explorers for the ____ were employed primarily to search out new fur-trading areas.
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| NWC | The aggressive policies of the ___ resulted in the NWC having many more trading posts than the HBC.
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| voyageurs | The NWC employees who paddled canoes were called ____.
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| nord | The NWC used canots du ___, and canots du maître.
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| York | The HBC used ____ boats because they were faster than canoes, they were sturdier than canoes, and they carried more cargo than canoes.
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| trap | The fur trade disrupted traditional Aboriginal ways of life because the demands of the fur trade forced Aboriginal peoples to ___ full time.
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| families | Which of the following was most important to Aboriginal peoples? sustaining themselves and their ___.
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| alcohol | Which of the following, introduced by Europeans, damaged traditional Aboriginal ways of life? Smallpox, measles, and ___.
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| trappers | The fur trade encouraged the movements of Aboriginal groups into new areas because as fur supplies became depleted, ____ had to find new fur sources.
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| mind | A ___ map does indicate sources of water and other natural resources, show the location of prominent landscape features, and show the approximate travel times between places.
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| declined | As supplies of furs ___ competition between fur trading companies intensified.
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| Cree | The Canadian habit of saying “eh” may come from the ___ word “Eha” (I agree).
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| interpreters | Aboriginal women in the fur trade made articles like snowshoes, gathered useful items like pine gum, and acted as guides and ___.
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| wives | The Métis developed because the NWC encouraged its traders to take Aboriginal ____.
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| social | When an Aboriginal woman married a fur trader her family gained ___ status.
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| intermarriage | The NWC encouraged ____ between its fur traders and Aboriginal women because such marriages strengthened ties with local Aboriginal groups.
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| abandoned | If a fur trader had taken an Aboriginal wife, and then left the Northwest, he most likely ____ his Aboriginal wife.
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| HBC | The ___ initially discouraged its employees from marrying Aboriginal women because it did not want to support too many dependents.
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| French | The term Métis referred to persons of Aboriginal and ___ Canadian ancestry. Persons of Aboriginal and Scots/British ancestry preferred the term country-born.
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| Catholic | The Métis were usually of which religious affiliation? Roman ___
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| seigneurial | As the Métis began to farm, they used which system to lay out their farms? the ___ pattern.
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| pemmican | The main product which the Métis supplied to the NWC was ___.
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| bison | The most important social event for the Métis was the ___ hunt.
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| military | The bison hunt was organized like a ___ expedition.
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| economic | The bison hunt was dangerous, a source of community pride, and an important ___ activity.
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| Selkirk | Lord ____ wanted to establish agricultural colonies in British North America because he was alarmed at the plight of poor Scots farmers.
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| director | Lord Selkirk was able to obtain a grant of land from the HBC because he was a ____ of the HBC.
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| Red | The location of Selkirk’s land grant from the HBC was at the junction of the ___ and Assiniboine Rivers.
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| NWC | The settlers in the Red River Colony survived their first two years there because the ___ and the Métis assisted them.
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| Macdonell | The governor of the Red River colony, Miles ____, feared that supplies would run out in 1814. As a result, he issued the Pemmican Proclamation.
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| Pemmican | The ____ Proclamation was designed to provide enough food for the Selkirk colonists.
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| arrest | The response of the NWC to the Pemmican Proclamation was to harass the colonists, and ____ Macdonell.
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| Robertson | When the colonists returned to the Red River colony in the late summer of 1815, their leader, Colin ___ made peace with the NWC and the Métis.
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| Semple | The new governor of the Red River colony, Robert ___ attacked and burned Fort Gibraltar.
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| ancestry | Semple regarded the Métis as inferior because the Métis were of mixed ___.
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| Grant | The leader of the Métis in Red River was Cuthbert ___.
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| Seven | In 1816, Semple and a group of colonists confronted the Métis at ___ Oaks. The result was that the Métis killed 21 colonists.
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| Oaks | After the Battle of Seven ____, Lord Selkirk led a military expedition against the Métis.
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| Cree | In 1817, Lord Selkirk made a treaty to gain legitimate control over the lands of the Red River Settlement. He made this treaty with the ____ and Anishinabé.
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| lawsuits | The NWC responded to Lord Selkirk’s activities in 1817 by filing ___ against him.
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| merge | In 1820, both the NWC and HBC were suffering financially. They decided to ___.
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| NWC | Under the merger of 1821, the ___ obtained 55 shares in the new company.
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| Hudson | The HBC retained control of the new merged company by having furs shipped via ___ Bay.
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| translators | Aboriginal peoples, besides being trappers, were employed by the HBC as guides, ___, and map-makers.
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| Simpson | The new governor of the HBC’s holdings in the Northwest, in 1821, was George _____.
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| Plains | In order to obtain the cooperation of the Métis, George Simpson employed Cuthbert Grant as Warden of the ____.
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| Northwest | George Simpson’s method of management was to spend the summer travelling throughout the ____.
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| socialize | George Simpson brought his English wife to the Red River Settlement in 1830. This caused problems because he had several Métis children in the colony, Mrs. Simpson refused to ____ with the Métis, and the Simpsons were socially isolated.
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| Métis | By 1860, the majority of people in the Red River Settlement were ____.
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| HBC | The basis of the economy of the Red River Settlement was the needs of the ____.
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| greased | The Red River cart was noisy because its axles were not ____.
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| Canadians | A group which caused social tensions in the Red River Settlement in the 1860s were ____.
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| Schultz | The leader of the Canadian Party in the Red River Settlement was John ____.
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| Métis | John Schultz was opposed to which group? ____
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| HBC | In 1869, the government of Canada purchased Rupert’s Land from the ___.
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| monopoly | When the HBC sold Rupert’s land to the Canadian Government, it gave up its trade ____.
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| surveyors | Canadian land ____ caused problems in the Red River Settlement because they did not recognize existing claims by settlers to their lands.
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| teacher | Louis Riel’s profession was lawyer and a _____.
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| surveyors | In October, 1869, Louis Riel decided to stop ____ because they were trespassing.
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| provisional | Faced with uncertainty about the future of the Red River Settlement, the National Métis Committee took over Fort Garry and formed a ____ government.
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| provisional | A ____ government is, by definition a means of preserving order until a permanent government can be created.
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| Riel | ____ and the provisional government were determined to create a province which would respect the rights of all persons.
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| McDougall | When William ___ proclaimed himself governor of the North West Territories, he made Riel’s government the legal authority in the area and ended the HBC control of the area.
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| provisional | In late 1869, Riel feared the Canadian Party was about to attack the ____ government.
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| Scott | Thomas ___ was executed because he threatened the life of Riel.
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| martyr | Propaganda in Ontario made Thomas Scott into a ____.
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| Quebec | The Canadian province that supported Riel’s cause was ___.
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| Riel | When Canadian troops arrived in Winnipeg in late August, 1870 they found ___ had fled the area.
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