History Exam Vocab.
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| nomad | a traveler who travels to oasis to oasis in search of food and water
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| Arab | nomads that speak Arabic
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| tribe | families who travel together and form groups
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| idol | stsatues to represent religious gods
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| kabah | square shaped shrine in which Abraham and Ishmael built
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| Abu Bakr | Muhammad's successor and father-in-law who became caliph for two years until he died at age 61
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| caliph | Term used for the successor of Muhammad and political and military leader of Islam and was not considered a prophet
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| Shiites | A branch of Islam that believes that only relatives of Muhammad's to be his successor therefore Ali, not Abu Bakr, should have been his first successor (Shiites means "Party of Ali")
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| imam | "divinely guided" successor of Muhammad
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| Sunni | They do not believe imam to be divinely guided, believe in elected caliphs, believe all Muslims can be related to Muhammad, follow the Sunna
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| Muhammad | the prophet of God
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| Qur'an | written words that the angel Gabriel told Muhammad
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| monotheism | belief in one god
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| Allah | the Muslim word for "God"
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| Islam | a religion that believes in Allah
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| hadith | collection of things Muhammad did and said
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| Sunna | the hadith and Qur'an together
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| Medina | the place in which Muhammad fled to when he was rejected by Mecca - first place to accept Islam
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| 5 pillars | 1) No God but Muhammad and his prophet 2) prayer 5 times a day (washing facing the kabah) 3) alms for the poor 4) fast during Ramadan 5) Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)
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| Muslim | People who follow the Islam religion
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| Jihad | means struggle (the struggle to resist tempation and evil
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| Seljuk Turks | nomadic Turks from central Asia who conquered the Muslim Empire and ruled in Islamic tradition
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| Cordoba | capital of muslim kingdom and was the center or trade and culture and by 1000, was the most populated city with 450,000 people
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| Ferdinand (of Aragon) and Isabelle (of Castile) | Both had a lot of power so when they got married, they expelled all Muslims from Spain
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| Mongols | People from central Asia who with the Tartars founded a great empire - Their empire flourished between 1200-1500
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| steppe | Treeless plains in central Asia which has winters that are freezing and scorching summers
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| yurt | Tents that were made of felt and easy tot transport
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| clan | Patrilineal family groups in which people were related by kinship and made of 3,4, or 5 generations
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| Genghis Khan | Fled to Mogolia when his father was murdered and in 1206 AD elected khan - he shaped the Mongol army and helped make communications with a written language for soldiers
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| Kublai Khan | Grandson of Genghis who ruled 1260-1294 - under his reign, culture flourished and the empire reached zenith during his reign
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| Constantinople | was the great market, one could find all kinds of goods, 3000-4000 shops
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| Chief Osman | a ghazi that conquered and united various lands in Asia Minor around 1326 AD
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| sultan | ruler of the Ottoman Empire
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| Istanbul | Capital of the Ottoman empire after Constantinople and had a growing population of 200,000 and was the main trading center of rare beauty
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| Suleiman | In his reign the empire reached Hungary, north Egypt, Algeria, and Mesopotamia
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| Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna | Believed that Allah, through Muhammad, wanted him to invade India so from 997-1030 he invaded India 17 times to get their resources
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| Himalayas | fertile plains south of the mountains
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| Ganges and Indus Rivers | Their valleys were the richest in the world
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| Babur | Related to Genghis Khan and in 1527 he defeated the Rajputs - he was well-educated and well liked and built a new Mongol-like empire in northern India
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| Mughal Empire | Babur's empire and Mughal means Mongol in Indian-Persian
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| Akbar | He reigned for 49 years from 1556-1605 and during his reign, he expanded the empire to north and central India and Afghanistan - he developed his own religion, split the empire into provinces, and set the tax system - grandson of Babur
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| Shah Jahan | Ruled 1628-1658 and brought Mughal laws with Muslim laws and created the Taj Mahal
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| Taj Mahal | A tomb for Shah Jahan's wife who died in childbirth with her 14th child - it took 22 years and 22,000 workers to complete
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| Han Dynasty - 206 BC - 220 AD | Chinese culture thrived, even for women before it fell in 220 AD when nomadic horsemen took power of it - after it fell chaos ensued for 360 years
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| Confucianism | When the roles of men and women were further separated - RESPECT FOR ELDERS, RESPONSIBILITY TO DUTIES, CIVIL SERVICE, STRING FAMILY LIFE
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| Buddhism | Originated around 530 BC by silk traders - the philosophy teaches to escape suffering by desiring nothing through serious meditation and by 400, most regional kings accepted Buddhism
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| Yang Jian | He was a Buddhist emperor who reunited the Chihnese empire by seizing power and declaring himself emperor and his empire was the Sui Dynasty - built the new capital at Changan and encouraged Daoism
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| Great Wall | Yangdi rebuilt it in 607 and it was made to protect China's farms from nomadic horseman
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| Jimmu | Ninigi's grandson
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| Shinto | A religion in Japan that revolved around nature
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| Yoritomo | Leader of Minamoto who was goven the name "shogun"
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| shogun | meaning "great general"
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| samurai | Warriors
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| Kamakaze | "divine wind"
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| Zen | Form of Buddhism that believes in relaxation and nature
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