Interest Groups
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| Iron Triangle | Relationship b/w agency, congressional committee, & IG
<br>-Client politics
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| Marginal Districts | When Cong. candidates receives less than 55% of vote
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| Representational View | Members please constituents to get reelected
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| Attitudinal View | So many conflicting pressures from constituents that member can vote whatever
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| Organizational View | Don't need to please constituents b/c votes on issues not public
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| Whip | -Member of Senate
<br>-Keeps party leader informed
<br>-Counts votes on issues
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| Necessary and Proper Clause | Marshall: actions by COng. not specifically in Const okay if "in spirit"
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| Public vs. Private Bill | Public: public affairs
<br>Private: specific person
<br> -Not many today
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| Simple & Concurrent Resolutions | Procedural rules for Congress
<br>-Not laws
<br>-Not signed by pres
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| Joint Resolution | Law that requires both houses' approvals and signature of Pres
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| Closed vs. Open Rule | Closed: limited debate time; no amendments
<br>Open: no debate limit; amendments
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| Party Polarization | Majority of Demos in Cong opposed majority of Repubs
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| Quorom | Minimum # of members that must be present to do business
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| Double-tracking | Disputed bill put on hold during filibuster to con't business
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| Material Incentive | Material benefits for joining IG
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| Purposive Incentive | Appeal of stated goals causes to join IG
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| The Union Movement | -Started in 1930s
<br>-Union membership began to fall
<br>-Unions of gov't workers growing
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| Membership Incentive | People join IG b/c they support cause; no reward
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| Institutional Interest Groups | IG's that represent other institutions
<br>-Usually businesses
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| Solidarity Incentive | Sense of companionship for joining IG
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