Ankle notes
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| What are the 5 functions of the foot? | support base that provides stability for upright posture w/ min muscle effort,
mechanism for rotation of the tibia and fibula during the stance phase,
flexibility to adapt to uneven terrain,
flexibility for shock absorption,
lever during push off
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| What are the joints of the hindfoot? | Tibiofibular, Talocural, Subtalar
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| Tibiofibular Joint Resting position? | Plantar flexion
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| Tib fib closed packed position | Max dorsiflexion
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| Tib Fib capsular pattern | Pain on stress
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| Which hindfoot joints causes the most problems | Talocrural and Subtalar joint
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| What type of joint is the Talocrural | modified hinge
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| Talocrural resting position | 10 deg plantarflexion
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| Talocrural closed packed position | Maximum dorsiflexion
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| Talocrural capsular pattern | Plantar flexion, dorsiflexion
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| talocrural if musclular what would be limited | Dorsiflexion>plantarflexion
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| Subtalar joint degrees of freedom | 3
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| Subtalar joints what happens when you supinate the foot | PF, inversion, adduction
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| Subtalar joints what happens when you pronate the foot | DF, eversion, abduction
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| Subtalar Resting position | Midway between extremes
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| Subtalar closed packed position | Supination so it is firm for push off in gait
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| Subtalar Capsular pattern | Varus, valgus (5 deg or both)
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| Midfoot 5 joint what are they? | Talocalcaneonavicular, cuneonavicular, cuboidenavicular, cuneocuboid, calcaneocuboid
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| Midfoot Resting position | between extremes of range of motion
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| Midfoot closed pack | supination
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| Midfoot Capsular pattern | DF, PF, add, medial rotation
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| Forefoot joints? | Tarsometatarsal, Intermetatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, Interphalangeal
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| Mechanism of injury chronic vs acute | Chronic - runner tendinosis
Acute = inv & PF, ev & DF
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| Runners questions? | shoes, miles/week, terrain, hills, pace, how often, when does it start hurting, what time of day, have they changed mileage, where do they run on the road
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| Observation Weight Bearing Anterior view | Supination (pes cavus) or pronation (pes planus)
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| Observation weight bearing posterior | pes planus, cavus, pump bump (swelling where achilles tendon attaches
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| Observation WB lateral view | medial arch, lateral arch, transverse arch
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| Non weight bearing | Valgus vs varus rear foor to forefoot, Plantar flexed first ray (in all 2-5th in one plane and 1st is PFmore than the rest), Heel cord tightness(foot more PT limited DF)
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| Talipues equinus? | Limited dorsiflexion, contracture of gastroc and soleus
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| Club foot | Congenital deformity, also called talipes equinovarus
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| Hindfoot varus | inversion of the calcaneus when subtalar joint in neutral
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| Morton's Metatarsalgia | interdigital neuroma that forms between 3 and 4th web space
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| Exostosis (bony spur) | attached to ligaments, fascia, tendons
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| Bunionette (tailor's Bunion) | similar to bunion with hallus valgus but on the 5th metatarsal
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| Turf toe | Hyperextension injury
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| Morton's foot | second toe longer than first
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| First MP joint is commonly affect by what? | Gout and bunions
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| Navicular bone articulates with 5 other bones what are they? | talar head, 3 cuneiforms and the cuboid
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| the sustentaculum Tali and why is it clinically important? what will occur if there is problems with its anatomical alignment | Clinically itsupports the talus and serves as an attachment of the spring ligament
it out of alignment will lead to flat feet (pes planus)
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| Medial tubercle of the talus is an insertion point for what? | Medial collateral ligament
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| the sinus tarsi is filled with what muscle? | extensor digitorum brevis
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| what attaches to the styloid process of 5 metatarsal? | peroneus brevis
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| What is a tailer's bunion? | occurs when swelling, redness and tenderness occurs over the styloid process of the 5th
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| what runs through the cuboid groove | Peroneus longus
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| Medial calcaneal tubercle is an attachment sight for what? what commonly happens here? | Abductor hallucis muscle and the plantar aponeurosis, commonly a location for heel spurs
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| What part of the calcaneus is weight bearing | the medial calcaneal tubercle NOT the lateral calcaneal tubercle
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| What provides the main blood supply to the foot? | Posterior tibial artery
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| which ligament on the lateral side of the ankle is the stongest? | Posterior talofibular ligament
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