Mod 2
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What activities in the body needs calcium? | hemostasis
membrane excitation
stabilization of membranes
intercellular adhesion
muscle contraction
excitation/secretion process
neurotransmitter release
production and maintenance of bone
🗑
|
||||
| Where are calcium stored? | stable pool - mature bone
labile pool - newly formed bone
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Ca+ ECF concentraion | 8.5-10.5 mg/dl
🗑
|
||||
| What are 3 fractions of Ca in ECF? | Ionized - biologically activated
Protein bound - albumin
complexed
difussible = ionize + complex
non-diffusible - protein bound
🗑
|
||||
| What are Calcitropic Hormones? | regulate plasma Ca, phophate, magnesium
Vitamin D3
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Calcitonin
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanism of Vitamin D3 | first hydroxylation (liver) -> 25-OH vit D (calcidiol) - second hydroxylation (kidney) -parathormone ->>Vit D3 (calcitrol, cholecalciferol) 1,25-dihydroxy vit D
🗑
|
||||
| stimulant for Vit D3 | PTH
Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
🗑
|
||||
| Inhibitor for Vit D3 | fibroblast-derived growth factor 23 (FGF-23)
high blood levels of calcium and phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| What are PTHrP? | minerilization of chondrocytes and citical development of mammary glands, skin and hair follicles
high PTHrP = malignant tumor
squamous cell carcinomas, breast carcinomas
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of PTH? | increase plasma calcium levels
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of calcitonin? | opposes action of PTH
decrease osteoclast activity
🗑
|
||||
| What is the stimulus for calcitonin? | >10.5 mg/ml Ca concentration
🗑
|
||||
| What are C Cells? | parafollicular cells in the thyoid gland - make calcitonin
🗑
|
||||
| What are the clinical manifestations of Hyperparathyroidism? | nephrolithiasis w/ pyelonephritis
polyuria and polydipsia
salt and pepper bone - osteoporosis
tired, irribility, lability
GI problems
hypertension - pheochromocytoma
band/limbus keratopathy
hypercalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| What are the differential diagnosis w/ hyperparathyroidism? | Diabetes - polyuria, polydipsia
Cushings - hypertension, demineralization, tireness irribility
Addisons - GI problems
Thyrotoxicosis - hypercalcemia
grave's Disease - hypercalcemia
🗑
|
||||
| What are the characteristics of hyperparathyroidism | hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
genes - MEN1 MEN2a
causes - adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinomas
patho - severity parallels hypercalcemia= parathyroid gland
🗑
|
||||
| What is the cause of Hypoparathyroidism? | removal of parathyroid
<7 mg/ml Ca
🗑
|
||||
| What are the Clinical manifestations of Hypoparathyroidism? | Tetany
Trousseau Sign - carpopedal spasm of blood pressure
photophobia, diplopia, pseudomotor cerebri, spicules and PSC, eye twitching, vit D defiency
Chovstek Sign - unilateral spam of facial muscle
Convulsion in children
hyperreflexia
🗑
|
||||
| What is the result of Vitamin D Deficiency? | children - rickets
adults - osteomalacia
🗑
|
||||
| What is the cause of Band Keratophaty? | hypercalcemia
chronic uveitis
long term use of chronic pilocarpine (glaucoma meds)
🗑
|
||||
| What is the treatment for Band Keratopathy? | chelating agent EDTA
anesthetic drops
cycloplege with atropine
🗑
|
||||
| What is Band Keratopathy? | calcium precipitate or cloudy area that covers visual axis
starts nasally and temporally
occurs in bowman's membrane layer
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
prinny916
Popular Physiology sets