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Introduction Test
Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the basic structural unit of the body? | The Cell. |
| List the body cavities and the organs in each: | 1. Dorsal: brain, spinal cord2. Thoracic: trachea, esophagus, heart and lungs3. Abdominopelvic: liver, spleen, stomache, pancreas gallbladder, intestines, rectum, urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs |
| List the 5 cell parts and their functions: | 1. Plasma membrane2. Cytoplasm3. Nucleus4. Mitochondria5. Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Define Energy... | The ability to do work |
| Define Metabolism... | The total of all biochemical reactions in the body (catabolism and anabolism are two phases) |
| The __________ is the breaking down of materials and the production of energy. | catabolism |
| The __________ is the building-up of materials and utilizes energy. | Anabolism |
| What are the 4 types of tissue? | 1. Epithelial2. Connective3. Muscle4. Nervous |
| Which types of tissue forms skin and membranes? | Epithelial |
| Which type of tissue relays electrical impulses? | Nervous Tissue |
| Which type of tissue contracts, enabling movement? | Muscle tissue |
| What are the 3 types of muscle? Are they voluntary of involuntary? | 1. Smooth Muscle:involuntary2. Skeletal Muscle: voluntary3. Cardiac Muscle: involuntary |
| Which systems' organs are all lined with mucous membrane? | 1. Digestive system2. Urinary system3. Reproductive system4. Excretory system |
| Define Tissue: | A group of cells that have a similar structure and function as a unit. |
| Define Organ: | Two or more tissues that form a more complex structure that work together to perform a function |
| Define System: | A group of organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions. |
| What is homeostasis? | The maintenance of a steady state within the body's physical and chemical environment. |
| A "useful substance" is called a _______. | Nutrient. |
| What is diffusion? | The movement of ions, atoms or materials from an area of greater concentration to an area of greater concentration, until they are equal. |
| What is osmosis? | The movement of water from an area of lesser density to an area of greater density. |
| What is the difference between diffusion and active transport? | Diffusion requires no energy and active transport requires a carrier cell. |
| What are some examples of diffusion in every day life? | 1. air freshner2. skunk3 dye in a beaker of water |
| List the three serous membranes which line the body's cavities: | 1. Pleura -thoracic and lungs2. Pericardium - pericaridal cavity3. Peritoneum - abdominopelvic cavity |
| The systems of the body: (12) | 1.Nervous 2.Digestive 3.Respiratory 4.Cardiovascular 5.Urinary 6.Reproductive 7.Skeletal 8. Blood 9.Muscular 10.Special senses 11. Integumentary 12.Endocrine |
| What is the function of the Nervous system? | communication within the body / control of body activities |
| What is the function of the digestive system? | Digestion, obsorption, and elimination |
| What is the function of the respiratory system? | obtaining oxygen and elimination of co2 |
| What is the function of the cardiovascular system? | transportation with the heart as a pump |
| What is the function of the muscular system? | movement by contraction |
| What is the function of the integumentary system? | temperature regulation, protection, respiration and elimination, synthesis of chemicals |
| What is the function of the special senses? | Vision, hearing, tasting, feeling, smelling |
| What is the function of the reproductive system? | the production of new individuals |
| What is the function of the urinary systeme? | filtration, regulation of water and blood pressure |
| What is the function of the blood system? | transportation, immune system |
| What is the function of the endocrine system? | control, initiate and regulate activity |
| The divisions of the abdomen? | 1. right hypochondriac 2. Epigastric 3. Left hypochondriac 4.right lumbar 5.umbilical 6.left lumbar 7.right Illiac 8. hypogastric 9.left Illiac |
| Which term describes a tumor that is life threatening? | Malignant |
| Whic term describes a tumor that is slower growing and not life threatenting? | Benign |
| What is the term that designates the spread of a malignancy? | Metastasis |
| What is the term for malignancies of the epithelial tissue? | Carcinoma |
| What is the term for malignancies of the connective tissue? | Sarcoma |
| Define Osteoma: | Tumor of the bone |
| Define Myoma: | Tumor of the muscle |
| Define Lipoma: | fat tumor |
| Define Papilloma: | Wart |
| Define Nevus: | Mole |
| Define Glioma: | Nerve tumor |
| Define adenoma: | Gland tumor |
| Define Angioma: | Vessel tumor |
| Fluid found within the cell is ____. | Intracellular |
| Fluid found outside of a cell is called ____. | Extracellular |
| Cytology is .... | The study of cells. |
| Histology is... | the study of tissue. |
| Oncology is ... | the study of tumors. |
| Hematology is... | the study of blood. |
| Pathology is... | the study of disease. |
| Morphology is... | the study of shape and form of living organisms. |
| The 4 major elements of the body are... | 1. carbon 2. oxygen 3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen |
| Anatomical position is... | Body erect with hands at sides palms forward. |
| Define superior: | above, toward the head |
| Define inferior: | below, toward the heel |
| Define Anterior/Ventral: | Toward the front surface. |
| Define posterior/dorsal: | toward the back surface |
| Define cranial: | toward the head |
| Define caudal: | Toward the coccyx |
| Define central: | toward the trunk |
| Define peripheral: | limbs, extremities |
| Define medial: | vertical line down the center |
| Define lateral: | toward the side |
| Define inner aspect: | the other side of lateral on arms and legs for example...head does not have an inner aspect. |
| define supine: | laying on the back, face-up |
| Define prone: | Laying on the stomache, face-down |
| Define deep: | not near the surface |
| Define superficial: | at the surface or nearer the surface. |
| Define proximal: | near the origin of the structure |
| Define distal: | farther away the origin of the structure |
| What is afferent? | Carring toward the thing |
| What is efferent? | Leading away from the thing |
Created by:
erinmarie
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