The Digestive System
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| Food provides __________ and __________ we need for our bodily functions? | Energy and Nutrients
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| Food must be converted into usable forms by the? | Digestive System
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| What tube goes from the mouth to the anus? | Alimentary Tube
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| Digestion occurs in the? | Mouth, stomach, and small intestine
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| What are the accessory organs? | Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
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| The accessory organs contribute to what? | Digestion
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| What are the two types of digestion? | Mechanical and Chemical
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| Mechanical digestion is? | Physical breakdown into smaller pieces
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| Chemical digestion is? | Breaking down complex molecules into simple molecules.
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| Another name for the Oral cavity is? | Buccal or the mouth
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| What are the names of the two sets of teeth? | Deciduous and Permanent
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| Deciduous teeth are also called? | Baby teeth
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| How many total baby teeth are there? | 20
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| At what age do the baby teeth start to erupt? | 6 months
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| All the baby teeth are usually in by what age? | 2 years
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| The permanent teeth do what? | Replace the deciduous teeth
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| There is a total of ____ permanent teeth? | 32
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| What types of permanent teeth are there? | Incisors 8, Canine 4, Premolars 8, Molars 12.
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| Gingiva are the? | Gums
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| The crown is the? | Part above the gingiva
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| The enamel is the? | Very hard covering of the crown
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| Enamel is made by what type of cells? | Ameloblast
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| Enamel also prevents the tooth from doing what? | Wearing out
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| What is deep to the enamel? | Dentin
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| Dentin is similar to? | Bone
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| Dentin is produced by what? | Odontoblasts
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| The root of the tooth is enclosed in the what? | Socket or gomphosis
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| The ligament that attaches to the root and bone of the tooth is called? | Periodontal membrain
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| The innermost portion of the tooth is called? | Pulp cavity
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| The pulp cavity contains ______ ______ and fibers of ________? | Blood vessels, Trigeminal nerves
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| The tongue is made up of what type of muscle? | Skeletal muscle
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| What are the functions of the tongue? | Taste, move food, and help with swallowing
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| The projections on the superior surface of the tongue are called? | Papila
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| The papila contain? | Taste buds
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| The papila also grip food to? | Manipulate it
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| The salivary glands produce? | Saliva
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| How many pairs of salivary glands are there? | 3
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| What are the names of the 3 pairs of salivary glands? | Parotid, Submandibular, and Sublingual
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| Saliva is used to? | Break down carbs and sugars
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| The amount of saliva produced varies based on? | The need
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| Parasympathetic control causes an increase in saliva via what type of nerves? | Facial nerves and glosopharyngeal nerves.
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| The muscular part behind the oral cavity used for swallowing is called? | Pharynx
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| The muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is called? | Esophagus
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| The muscular contractions that move bolus down is called? | Peristalsis
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| Another name for the lover esophageal sphincter is? | Les cardiac sphincter
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| The les cardiac sphincter is located at? | The junction of the stomach
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| The Les cardiac sphincter prevents what from happening? | Regurgitation and GERD
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| The alimentary tube has how many structural layers? | 4
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| Name the 4 structural layers of the alimentary tube? | Digestive mucosa, Submucosa, External muscle layer, and Serosa
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| What makes up the lining of the alimentary tube? | Digestive mucosa
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| The digestive mucosa of the alimentary tube is made of what type of tissue? | Epithelial tissue
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| The esophagus is made up of what type of tissue? | Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
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| The stomach and intestines is made up of what type of tissue? | Simple columnar epithelial tissue
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| The stomach and intestines secrete what? | Digestive enzymes
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| Deep to the Digestive mucosa is called the? | Submucosa
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| The lymphnodes are deep to the epithelium in the? | Areolar connective tissue
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| Lymphnodes fight infection that get through the? | Epithelium
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| The submucosa is highly ________ and highly ________? | Vascular and Nervous
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| The submucosa also contains what type of tissue? | Lymphatic tissue
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| What nervous system stretches the entire length of the gut? | Enteric nervous system or Intestinal nervous system.
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| Nerve networks that innervate mucosa to regulate secretions is called what? | Meissners or Submucosal plexus
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| What increases secretion? | Parasympathetic
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| What decreases secretion? | Sympathetic
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| The external muscle layer of the alimentary tube has how many layers? | 2
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| The 2 layers of the external muscle are called? | Inner and Outer
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| The inner layer of external muscle is? | Circular
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| The outer layer of external muscle is? | Longitudinal
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