Anatomy - Eastham
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| Contractility? | Ability to shorten with force.
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| Gluteous maximus | Buttox
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| Excitability? | The ability to be stretched.
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| Elasticity? | Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.
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| The skeletal muscle sheath inside the fascia? | The epimysium.
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| Located outside the epimysium? | The Fascia.
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| Surrounds the fascicle. | The perimysium.
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| Surrounds each muscle fiber. | The endomysium.
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| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with threadlike structures that extend from one end of the fiber to the other are called? | myofibrils.
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| The two kinds of major myofibrils are? | actin myofilaments, and myosin myofilaments
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| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called...? | sarcomeres.
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| Each sarcomere extends from one of these to another | Z-Line
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| The outside of most cell membranes are positively charged, as opposed to their negatively charged inside, this is called? | resting membrane potential.
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| When a muscle cell is stimulated, the positive and negative characteristics switch briefly. This is called...? | Action potential.
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons
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| An axon enters a muscle and a branch, The branch that connects to the muscle is called...? | neuromuscular junction, or synapse.
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called...? | A motor unit.
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| The enlarged nerve terminal in the synapse is called the...? | presynaptic terminal
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| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cells is the...? | Synaptic cleft.
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| The muscle fiber between the presynaptic terminal and the synaptic cleft is the...? | postsynaptic terminal.
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| Each synaptic terminal contains? | Synaptic vesicles.
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| synaptic vesicles excrete a neurotransmitter called...? | acetylcholine.
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| Occurs when myosin and actin myofilaments slid past each other causing sarcomeres to shorten. This process is called? | Sliding Filament Mechanism
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| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential of one or more muscle fibers is called? | Muscle Twitch.
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| A muscle fiber will not respond to a stimulus until said stimulus hits its what? | Threshold.
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| The threshold phenomenom is called the...? | all or nothing response.
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| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of the lag phase is called...? | The lag phase.
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| The time of the contraction is called...? | The contraction phase.
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| The time in which the muscle relaxes is the? | Relaxation phase.
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| When the muscle remains contracted without relaxing is called? | Tetany, AKA Tetanous.
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| The increase in motor units activating is called... | Recruitment.
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| Energy needed for muscle contraction is called... | ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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| ATP is produced where? | In the mitochondria.
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| ATP degenerates into what? | ADP (Adenosine diphosphate)
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| When muscles are at rest, they cannot stockpile ATP, but can stockpile another kind of high energy molecule, called? | creatine phosphate.
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| Anaerobic respiration occurs with or without oxygen? | Without oxygen.
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| Aerobic respiration occurs with or without oxygen? | With oxygen.
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| Muscle fatigue results when? | When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than in can be produced by muscle cells.
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| The length of the muscle doesn't change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process is called? | isometric.
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| The length of the muscle changes, but the tension stays the same. | Isotonic.
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| Muscle tone refers to what? | The constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps the head up, and the back straight.
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| Fast twitch fibers do what? | Contract quickly and fatigue quickly.
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| Slow twitch fibers do what? | Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue.
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| The origin (head) is the most stationary or the most active end of the muscle? | Stationary.
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| The insertion is the most active or the most stationary end of the muscle. | Active.
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| The portion of the muscle in between the origin and insertion is called? | The belly.
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish a specific goal are called? | Synergists.
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| Muscles that work in opposition of each other are called? | Antagonists.
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| Among a group of synergists, if one muscle muscles plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement, it is called? | The prime mover.
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