BIO202 - CH17 – Erythrocytes (RBCs) - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin | (Hb) oxygen carrier protein in blood.
🗑
|
||||
| Protein globin built of __. | 4 linked polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta) & a heme group - oxygen molecules bind to iron molecule in center of each heme group.
🗑
|
||||
| One red blood cell can carry __ moelecules of oxygen. | 1 billion
🗑
|
||||
| Network of proteins that maintain biconcave shape of RBC. | Spectrin - attached to cytoplasmic face of plasma membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| Name 3 characteristics of RBCs that contribute to tis gas transport function. | (1) small size & biconcave shape (surface area), (2) 97% hemoglobin, (3) No mitrochondria & generate ATP by anaerobic - no O2 consumption.
🗑
|
||||
| Name the major factor contributing to blood viscosity. | Erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| When blood viscosity rises, blodo flows __. | More slowly due to increase in number of RBCs
🗑
|
||||
| Most oxygen carried in blood is __. | Bound to hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Oxygemoglobin | Oxygenated hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Erythropoietin | Hormone that signals stem cells to produce red blood cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Red blood cells live about __ days. | 120
🗑
|
||||
| Cell count | Tallies of number of cells in a microliter of blood.
🗑
|
||||
| Antigen | Any large molecule that triggers a defensive attack due to being marked as "nonself".
🗑
|
||||
| 1 hemoglobin molecule can transport __ molecules of oxygen. | 4
🗑
|
||||
| A single RBC contains around __ million hemoglobin molecules. | 250 million
🗑
|
||||
| 20% of carbon dioxide in blood combines with hemoglobin how? Called what? | To globin's amino acids rather than heme group - carbaminohemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| Hematopoiesis or hemopoiesis | Blood cell formation that occurs in red bone marrow.
🗑
|
||||
| As blood cells mature, they migrate through __ to enter blood stream. | Blood sinusoids - wide blood capillaries in red bone marrow.
🗑
|
||||
| Erythropoiesis | Erythrocyte production
🗑
|
||||
| Erythropoiesis begins when a hemocytoblas myeloid stem cell is transformed into a __. | Proerythroblast
🗑
|
||||
| Stages of erythropoiesis | Myeloid stem cell -> proerythroblast -> erythroblast ->normoblast -> reticulocyte -> erythrocyte
🗑
|
||||
| Early (basophilic) erythroblasts do what? | Produce huge number of ribosomes so cells can divide many times.
🗑
|
||||
| As early erythroblast transforms into late erythroblast __. | Hemoglobin synthesis & iron accumulation occur.
🗑
|
||||
| When a normoblast has accumulated almost all its hemoglobin, it __. | Ejects its organelles & pinches off its nucleus.
🗑
|
||||
| When normoblast ejects organelles & nucleus, it becomes a __. | reticulocyte - becuase it ocntains some reticulum of clumped ribosome.
🗑
|
||||
| Reticulocyte counts provide what? | A rough index of the rate of RBC formation - should be about 1-2% of all erythrocytes in blood.
🗑
|
||||
| Too few erythrocytes leads to? | Hypoxia - oxygen deprivation
🗑
|
||||
| New erythrocytes are produced at more than __ per second. | 2 million
🗑
|
||||
| Erythrocyte production depends on? | Hormonal condition, iron, amino acids, & certain B vitamins
🗑
|
||||
| The direct stimulus for erythrocyte formation is provided by __, a glycoprotein hormone. | erythropoietin (EPO)
🗑
|
||||
| The __ plays the major role in EPO production. | kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| When certain kidney cells become hypoxic, they accelerate release of __. | EPO - erythropoietin - due to hypoxicia
🗑
|
||||
| The rate of erythropoiesis is controlled by __. | their ability to transport oxygen to meet tissue demand.
🗑
|
||||
| Bloodborn erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates red marrow cells __. | that are already committed to becoming erythrocytes to mature more rapidly
🗑
|
||||
| Hypoxia doesn't activate bone marrow directly, instead it __. | stimulates the kidneys which then provide hormonal stimulus that activates bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| Renal dialysis patients have kidneys that __. | have failied & produce too little EPO
🗑
|
||||
| Why do renal dialysis patients have low RBC counts? | Their kidneys produce too little EPO to support normaly erythropoiesis.
🗑
|
||||
| Which natural hormone can enhance EPO production by kidneys? | Testosterone
🗑
|
||||
| Iron is stored in protein-iron complexes such as __. | ferritin & hemosiderin
🗑
|
||||
| Iron in blood is loosley bound to a transport protein called __. | transferrin
🗑
|
||||
| Which B-complex vitamins are necessary for normal DNA synthesis? | B12 & folic acid - deficits jeopardize rapidly dividing cell populations.
🗑
|
||||
| RBCs have useful life span of __. | 100-120 days
🗑
|
||||
| What is the "red blood cell graveyard"? | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Most erythrocyte disorders can be classified as __ or __. | anemias or polycythemias
🗑
|
||||
| 3 common causes of anemia are __. | Low # of RBCs, low Hb content, or abnormal Hb.
🗑
|
||||
| 3 conditions that reduce RBC count are? | Blood loss, excessive RBC destruction, & bone marrow failure.
🗑
|
||||
| Hemorrhagic anemia is treated how? | Stop source of blood loss & blood replacement
🗑
|
||||
| What are hemolytic anemias & how are they caused? | When erythrocytes rupture (lyse) - Hb abnormalities, mismatched transfusion, & bacterial/parasitic infections.
🗑
|
||||
| What is aplastic anemia & how caused? | Destruction or inhibition of red marrow - by drugs, chemicals, radiation, or viruses.
🗑
|
||||
| How to treat apalastic anemia? | Blood transfusion, marrow transplant, tranfusion of umbilical blood (stem cells).
🗑
|
||||
| What are microcytes? | Small & pale erythrocytes due to iron-deficiency anemia.
🗑
|
||||
| Pernicious anemia is due to __. | deficiency of B12 - deficient intrinsic factor - autoimmune disease
🗑
|
||||
| What are macrocytes? | Large, pale erythrocytes due to pernicious anemia
🗑
|
||||
| 2 genetic basis for abnormal hemoglobin. | Thalassemia & sickle-cell anemia
🗑
|
||||
| What are thalassemias? | one of the globin chains is absent or faulty - mediterranean ancestry - abnormal Hb.
🗑
|
||||
| What causes sickle-cell anemia? | Abnormal Hb - genetic - causes beta chains of globin molecule to link together under low oxygen conditons.
🗑
|
||||
| Standard treatment for sickle-cell? | Blood transfusions
🗑
|
||||
| What does hydroxyurea do? | Drug used to treat leukemia that switches back on the gene fro fetal hemoglobin to help sickle cell anemia.
🗑
|
||||
| What is polycynthemia? | Abnormal excess of erythrocytes that increase blood viscosity.
🗑
|
||||
| What is plycynthemia vera? | Plycythemia due to bone marrow cancer - hematocrit can be as high as 80%.
🗑
|
||||
| Types of anemias | Iron deficiency, megaloplastic "pernicious", aplastic (red bone marrow distroyed), hemolytic (premature destruction of RBCs), sickle cell, & malaria.
🗑
|
||||
| SEcondary polycthemias occur when? | Less oxygen is available or EPO production increases - high altitudes
🗑
|
||||
| Blod doping is artificially induced __. | polycthemia
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Ladystorm
Popular Anatomy sets