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Study material for TExES 154 Supp. Certification

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Question
Answer
show academic application  
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What is competency 001   show
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What are fundamental English language concepts   show
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show Generally accepted usage  
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ELLs must first do what   show
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To find the ELLs proficiency level the teacher must   show
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show the processes of L1 and L2 acquisition and the interrelatedness of L1 and L2 development  
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show ESL teaching methods and uses this knowledge to plan and implement effective, developmentally appropriate instruction  
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What is competency 004   show
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what is competency 005   show
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what is competency 006   show
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show formal and informal assessment procedures and instruments used in ESL programs and uses assessment results to plan and adapt instruction  
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What is competency 008   show
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show factors that affect ESL students' learning and implements strategies for creating an effective multicultural and multilingual learning environment  
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What is competency 010   show
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What is competency 011   show
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show phonological and phonemic awareness and employs a variety of approaches to help children develop phonological and phonemic awareness  
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show the importance of the alphabetic principle for reading English and provides instruction that helps children understand the relationship between printed and spoken words  
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What is competency 015   show
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show the importance of fluency for reading comprehension and provides many opportunities for children to improve their reading fluency  
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What is competency 017   show
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show the importance of research and comprehension skills to children's academic success and provides children with instruction that promotes their acquisition and effective use of these skills in the content areas  
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What is competency 019   show
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show That writing to communicate is a development process and provides instruction that promotes children's competence in written communication  
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show the basic principles in literacy assessment and uses a variety of assessments to guide literacy instruction  
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show Communication and literacy begin Interact with responsive adults and peers Develop listening comprehension, phonological awareness, functions of print, motivation to read, appreciation for literacy, print awareness, letter knowledge  
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At the end of Kinder. ESL...   show
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At the end of 1st grade...   show
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At the end of 2nd grade...   show
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At the end of 3rd grade..   show
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show become critical listeners and analyze a speaker's intent, adapt spoken language to audience, identify and followed varied text structures, use visual media and compare and contrast visual media to print, use adjectives adverb prep phrases, good spellers  
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show identify persuasive techniques, judge logic and internal consistency, use literary devices such as suspense, produce error free composition  
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At the end of 6th grade...   show
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The nativist theory is   show
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show language is learned by reinforcements by caregivers  
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Social cognitive and social cultural theory is   show
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When a student is adding "ed" to words too much this is called   show
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show Language acquistion  
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show learned knowledge  
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show accelerated language programs  
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what are some examples of accelerated language programs   show
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Allows students to wait a short time to participate in english, this may last for several months   show
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show input hypothesis  
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show the zone of proximety plus one level  
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show comprehensive input  
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What is linguistic instruction   show
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show used to make academic content instruction in English understandable to ESL studetns, teacher combines cognitively challenging instruction with english and focus on social development, teachers use physical and visual aids  
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show takes place in form of dialogue between teachers and students using segments of text structured by summarizing, questions generating, clarifying, and predicting, teacher and students take turns assuming roles  
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What is audiolingual   show
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show language is acquired through exposure to meaningful and understandable messages rather than foraml study of frammer and vocab  
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What is community langauge learning (participating approach)   show
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What is cooperative learning groups   show
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What is language experience approach (LEA)   show
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show combines acquisition and formal learning as a means of facilitating language development in adults  
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What is suggestopedia   show
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show teacher assesses understanding by the learner's physical respnse to the teacher's directions  
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What are the factors that affect ESL student's reading comprehension   show
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How can teachers help with the factors that affect the ESL student's reading comprehension   show
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show working on developing CALPS, engaging critical thinking, providing cooperative group work, listening critically to interp and evaluate, use multi types of strategies, aware that cognitive learning skills, aware that cognitive learning skills transfer  
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show pre-teaching key vocab, applying familar concepts from students cultural backgrounds, applying prior learning experiences to new learners, using hands on media and technology  
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show Beginning Level  
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show Intermediate Level  
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What level is this student? Can comprehend grade level spoken English, able to create clarify critique and evaluate ideas and responses, need processing time and esl techniques to support and comprehend some details and non modified info   show
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show Advanced High Level  
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show No Child Left Behind ACT  
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This charts student's achievement   show
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This recommends ELLs identification, placement, and exit in bilingual/ESL programs   show
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How many times does the LPAC meet for each student   show
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show 20 or more students at one grade level in a district  
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show a home language survey that the parents must mark English at not their home language  
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Who is offered placement in the ESL program   show
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show Yes  
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show they must pass the ELA portion of the STAAR and have parental permission to exit  
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show the LPAC follows the student for 2 years  
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What is the Nationality Act of 1906   show
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What provided funds for bilingual/ESL programs   show
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show Lau vs. Nichols Act 1974  
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show Early Exit  
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What program is usually recommended and enriches the L1   show
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show Self contained  
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show Newcomer center  
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show Immersion  
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What program is bilingual intro speaking one language   show
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show Dual language  
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show Structured English Immersion  
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show Submersion  
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show has rules  
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Language is generative meaning it   show
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show system of sounds  
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show letters or combinations of letters that make the same sound...ex.. c and k  
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show level of words  
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show meaning, can refer to simple understanding of what a word means  
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show related through the same origin...latin roots for english/spanish. the closer the language the more likely there will be cognates  
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Syntax is the   show
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Pragmatics is the   show
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show one's vocabulary or dictionary  
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Orthography is a   show
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I will go a la casa de mi tia is   show
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show language borrowing  
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Linguistic Interference from native language   show
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Language variety which is determined neither horizontally nor vertically but according to its communicative functions. Includes oral and written mediums. Most speakers of any given language speak more than one register of a language   show
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similar to the way children acquire their native language, subconscious process, informal   show
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explicit presentation of rules and grammar, classroom instruction, formal   show
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ESL students acquire language by comprehending what is being communicated   show
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show the affective filter hypothesis  
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show anxiety- a lower level of anxiety is desired good self image- avoid corrections and embarrassing situations for the student Interest and motivation-provide meaningful activities based on the student's motivation and cultural background  
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This acquirers not learners internalize grammatical structures in a predictable order   show
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show certain grammatical structures or morphemes are acquired before others in first language acquisition, and a similar natural order is found in second language acquisition  
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show The Monitor Hypothesis  
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The monitor hypothesis has   show
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Students should not be forced to communicate is part of   show
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The silent period is   show
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show Basic, Interpersonal, Communication, and Skills  
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show Cognitive, Academic, Language, and Proficiency  
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show basic interpersonal communication skills approximately within three years after initial exposure to the new language  
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Accords to Cumms students develop Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency   show
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show Social, language used to communicate in everyday situations, context embedded language, takes 1-2 years for L2 to reach L1  
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CALP is   show
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The language skills that newcomer students need can be divided into two categories   show
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show listening and reading  
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show speaking and writing  
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show use language to express themselves and their thinking  
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show simultaneously  
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Students need opportunities to   show
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Spoken fluency cannot be taught directly   show
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Language acquisition is influenced by   show
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What are types of motivation in SLA   show
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Instrumental motivation often results in   show
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show additive bilingualism  
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learning a second langauage at the cost of losing that first one.   show
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show additive bilingualism  
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According to the Commissioner's Rules teachers must support students by addressing what needs   show
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The greatest motivation for any students to learn a second language is the desire to live in fellowship with those individuals that speak that language   show
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Affective support includes   show
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How do you meet the affective needs for your ells   show
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Cognitive support includes   show
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How do I meet the cognitive needs of my ells   show
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show research based language instruction, meaningful interactions with more proficient english speakers, instruction designed for level proficiency, explicit vocab instruction  
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show understand the language learning process and design instruction/questioning techniques and acceptable student responses for their proficiency level, expand and elaborate on what students are saying, increase interaction in class by grouping, correct error  
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show level of skill student demonstrates in a language, ability to understand messages, ability to express meaning effectively, ability to use language fluently across a variety of contexts, ability to self correct  
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show work on specific strategies that they may need due to their L1  
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show provide them with an expert to learn from (i plus 1)  
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show student uses prior knowledge and experience to make sense of the content  
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Syntactic (structural)   show
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Graphophonic (visual)   show
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show Beginning Level of Reading Proficiency  
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show Beginning Level of Reading Proficiency  
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show Beginning Level of Reading Proficiency  
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For student at the beginning level of reading proficiency you should focus on   show
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Students at this level have a somewhat larger English vocab and a basic sense of the structure of the English language. However, they ten to interp text very literally and have difficulty following story lines that have a twist   show
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Students that still rely heavily on what they already know about a topic to confirm meaning and increase comprehension and pictures that illustrate meaning are still a needed support are in what level of reading proficiency   show
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show intermediate reading proficiency  
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Students at this level are becoming fairly functional readers of english, their english reading vocab is much larger now   show
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show advanced reading proficiency  
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These students can understand texts that introduce them to topics they know little about, and they can move beyond literal comprehension to apply more abstract and critical thinking skills as they read. d   show
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show Advanced Reading Proficiency  
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While working with Advanced reading proficiency students you should focus on   show
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While teaching reading DONT   show
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For spelling instruction you want to focus on   show
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show 4 members or more, campus administrator, 2 professional educators- 1 bilingual 1 esl or gen ed, and a parent of a lep ( not employed by district)  
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Who serves on an LPAC on ESL campuses   show
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show review all pertinent info of lep students upon enrollment and at the end of the school year  
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the lpac checks for   show
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Lpacs do   show
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What are the stages of acculturation   show
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what does acculturation mean   show
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students experience excitement about being in the new environment   show
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show culture shock  
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show tentative recovery  
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show assimilation or adaptation  
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What are some ways teacher can lessen that culture shock immigrants may experience   show
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How can you help parents work with their children at home   show
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Points to or provides other non verbal responses, avtively listens, responds to commands, may be reluctant to speak, utters one to two words, understands more than can produce, use body language to show understanding, use present tense   show
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show Sample Teacher Behaviors for Beginning Stage Students  
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Point to the.., find the, put the next to the, do you have this, is this a, who wants the, who has the   show
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show Ways to get the beginning stage student involved  
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Understand routine directions and short simple conver., identify key words, seek clarificationin english, express simple messages and participate, demonstrate awareness of english grammer, limited reading comprehension, still struggle with some sounds   show
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ask questions that can be answered by yes or no, models correct responeses, ensures a supportive environment, doesn't overly call attention to grammar, provides background knowledge, play games   show
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Yes/no, either/or, one word respeones, general questions which encourage lists of words, two word responses   show
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show Ways to get the intermediate stage student involved  
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show Sample intermediate level of student behaviors  
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show Sample Advanced level of student behaviors  
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Focuses on key concepts, provides frequent comprehension checks, uses center or performance based assessment, uses expanded vocab, ask open eneded questions   show
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show Questioning Techniques for advanced level students  
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show Ways to get advanced level students involved  
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show Sample behavior of advanced high level students  
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fosters conceptual development and expanded literacy through content, continues to make lessons comprehensible and interactive, teaches organizations thinking and study skills, continues to be alert to individual difference in lang and culture   show
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show Questioning Techniques for advanced high level students  
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students may be able to teach the class about his home country, demonstrate or model ways of solving math problems in L1 country, interview others, work in small and large group and participate fully in all class activities   show
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reading of difficult classical texts is begun early, little attention is paid to the content of texts which are treated as exercises in grammatical analysis   show
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often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the L1, little or no attention is given to prnunciation   show
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Classroom instruction is conducted exclusively in the L2, only everyday vocab and sentenses are taught, oral communication skills are built up in a carefully graded progression organized around q&a exhanges between teachers and students in small classes   show
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show direct method  
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both speech and listening comprehension are taught, correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized, emphasis is on natural language acquisition   show
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show Direct method  
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show audio-lingual method  
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structures are sequenced by means of contrastive analysis and taught one at a time, structural patterns are taught using repetitive drills   show
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show audio lingual method  
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vocab is strictly limited and learned in content, there is much use of tape, language labs, and visual aids, great importance is attached to pronunciations   show
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very little use of L1 by teachers is permitted, successful responses are immediately reinforced, great effort to get students to produce error free uteterances, tendency to manipulate language and disregard content   show
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learning is facilittated if the learner discovers or creathers rather than repeats what is to be learned, accompanying physical objects, and by problem solving involving the material to be learned   show
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show suggestopedia  
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use of music and highly suggestive materials, breathing techniques for relaxation, games and hands on activities, and role playing   show
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show Total physical response  
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show total physical response  
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hopefully the learner becomes a member of a learning community that words together as a cohort of learners of the l2   show
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focus is on academic skills in the content areas, supported by cognitive theorists, useful for esl students that have developed baisic interpersonal communications skills   show
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show Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach  
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Emphasis is on the generality of the acquistion process, techniques fovus on providing context in the classroom for natural language acqusition to occur in order to acquire the max comprehensible input   show
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show natural approach  
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compilation of many research based L2 acquistion methods, content and language objectives are included in each lesson, language is taught through content area instruction, not as a seperate subject   show
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show sheltered instruction  
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teacher listens to get to know the students and begins to dialogue then moves to action, students are taught how to confront the forces in life to keep them passive, students challenge power structures   show
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teachers are careful not to impose their own worldview, tacher and students communicate as co learners drama, role play provides a physical and emotional context for learns to acquire l2, placting enables leraners to take risks that they wouldn't   show
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work to low the affective filter, enable students to use l2 in meaningful and purposeful ways to facilitate acquisition   show
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enable students to practice the rhythm, intonation and natural nuances of language, music reduces the affective filter, rhythm and music failitate the memorization of words, images, and ideas   show
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How is Title 3 Part A funding determined   show
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show Yes, funds must be used to supplement and not supplant and other federal, state, or local funds. They cannot be used to fund programs that are required by state law  
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With the understanding that the funds are supplemental how may an LEA use title 3 part a funds   show
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show yes, an LEA is restricted to no more than 2% of its funds  
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show The LEA will indicate the application of additional and supplemental activities and servies provided with program funds  
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show 3 years  
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immigrant LEP students who have had inadequate schooling outside the US may be eligible for   show
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show not eligible for an exemption  
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show not had the schooling outside the US  
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show be granted a LEP exemption  
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show not eligible for an exemption  
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show review schooling outside us, determine and monitor instructional interventions, examine current year's progress, make and document assessment decision  
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theory that both acquistion of l1 and l2 can contribute to underlying language proficiency underlying both languages, given adequate motivation and exposure to both, within school or environment   show
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show affective filter  
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show audio lingual method  
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show BICS  
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compensatory program to support education programs, train teachers, develop and disseminate instructional materials and encourage parental involvement in program.   show
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show CALP  
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show communicative approaches  
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communicative approach that focuses on the whole learner, starts with the individual then expands to group and includes music, art, and physical activity   show
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pioneered cognitive approach to understanding language acquisition. mind contains language acquistion that generates rules through the unconscious acquistion of grammer   show
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show pragmatics  
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the study of meanings of individual words and or larger units such as phrases and sentences   show
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the study of the sentence patterns of a language and rules that govern the correctness of a sentence   show
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