PNS-Bio 5 SC
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| Function of PNS | Provide communication between CNS and organs
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| Connective tissue covering nerves | 1)Endoneurium-covers myelinated axon
2)Perineurium- covers a fascicle
3)Epineurium- covers a collection of fascicle
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| types of peripheral nerves | 1)Sensory (afferent)- info is being sent in, accepting by CNS
2) Motor (efferent)- "exiting" info being sent out from CNS
3) Mixed- some sensory, some motor, differentiate into
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| types of Somatic nerve fibers | somatic efferent- ex. skeletal muscle
somatic afferent- ex. touching skin
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| types of visceral nerve fibers | visceral efferent- ex. movement of visceral organ, increase in heart rate)
visceral afferent- ex. pain in the visceral organ
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| How many cervical spinal nerves? | 8- C8 nerve exits below C7 vertebral
-rest of nerves as numbered by which vertebrae they exit ABOVE except C8
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| How many thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves? | 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar. Are number by which vertebra they exit BELOW
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| D & V nerves form... | Spinal nerve
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| Plexuses (where are they found) | interlacing networks of nerves, found in cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral regions
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| What is the importance of the branch of a plexus? | each contains fibers from several different spinal nerves so if a spinal nerve gets damaged, muscle will not be paralyzed
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| What nerves form the cervical plexus? | C1-C5; innervates skin of the neck, ear, back of head and shoulders.
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| Phrenic nerve | of the cervical plexus, C3-C5 ;"C3, C4, C5 keeps the diaphragm alive"
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| What nerves from the brachial plexus? | C5-C8, T1; innervate the upper limb
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| Major nerves of the brachial plexus? | Musculocutaneous, median, axillary, ulnar and radial
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| What forms the lumbar plexus? | L1-L4; innervates the thigh, abdominal wall and psoas muscle
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| Major nerves of the lumbar plexus | femoral and obturator nerve
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| What nerves form the sacral plexus? | L4-S4; innervates glutes, lower limb, pelvic structures, and perineum
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| Major nerve of the sacral plexus? | Sciatic, longest and thickest nerve of the body. Splits into tibial and common fibular nerve.
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| what is a reflex? | a rapid predictable motor response to a stimulus
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| 5 main components of spinal reflexes? | 1)receptor- nerve ending of sensory neuron;responds to change
2)Sensory neuron- carries info to CNs
3)Integration Center-CNs; receive, translate and make decision
4)Motor neuron: transmits impulses away from CNS
5) Effector: muscle or gland
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| Innate reflexes | genetically determine
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| acquired reflexes | learned
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| Spinal reflexes | processing in the spinal chord
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| cranial reflexes | processing in the brain
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| Somatic reflexes | control skeletal muscle contractions, include superficial and stretch reflexes
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| visceral (autonomic) reflexes | control actions of smooth and cardia muscles, glands
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| monosynaptic reflexes | one synapse
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| polysynaptic reflexes | multiple synapses
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