ANS
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| 3 ANS Neurotransmitters | 1. Acetylchoine (A Ch)- all PNS preganglionic and postganglionic neurons neurons, all SNS preganglionic neurons
2. Norepinephrine-released by most postganglionic neurons of the SNS
2. Epiphrine-released by the adrenal medulla
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| Axons of the two neuron chain in ANS | 1. Preganglionic neuron- cell body of neuron is in CNS, releases ACh
2. Postganglionic neuron- cell body of neuron is in ganglion, releases norepinephrine (sympathetic) and ACh (Parasympathetic)
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| What is a neurotransmitter? | a chemical that gets released
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| Parasympathetic division of ANS | Performs maintenance activités and conserves energy; "rest and digest" ex. digestion, urination and defecation
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| Sympathetic division of ANS | "fight or flight", burns energy, increases activities, mobilizes the body during activities; ex. exercise, excitement, embarrassed and emergency
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| Origin site of sympathetic divisions and length of its neurons | thoracolumbar- emerges from thoracic and lunar regions T1-L2
nuerons- short preganglionic, long postganglionic
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| Location of sympathetic ganglia | close to vertebral column, where pre synapses with post.
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| Somatic nervous system | Controls skeletal muscles, voluntary. Muscles must be excited or they are inactive. Axons extend from CNS to effects, release ACh
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| Autonomic Nervous system | Effects glands, smooth and cardiac muscles, involuntary. Axons are in a two- neuron chain.
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| location of sympathetic chain ganglia | chain runs parallel to vertebral column, extends from C3 to C4
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| location of collateral ganglia | lie anterior to the vertebral column
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| Location of sympathetic neuron's cell bodies | in the lateral gray horns of spinal segments T1-L2
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| White ramus communicans | preganglion passes from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic trunk ganglion
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| gray ramus communicans | post ganglion exits the sympathetic trunk ganglion
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| 3 synaptic routes of sympathetic neurons | 1) synapse in ganglion (same level).
2) travel through sympathetic trunk and synapse at different ganglion.
3) travel through and synapse at plexus
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