nwhsu
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A complete, catalytically active enzyme together with its bound coenzyme and/or metal ions is called ? | holoenzyme
🗑
|
||||
| The protein portion of a holoenzyme is called ? | apoenzyme
🗑
|
||||
| Inorganic ion attached to an enzyme | cofactor
🗑
|
||||
| organic or metallorganic ion attached to an enzyme | coenzyme
🗑
|
||||
| 3 components of holoenzymes | apoenzyme (polypeptide)
cofactor & coenzyme (non-amino acid)
🗑
|
||||
| enzymes affect ______ | rate of reaction
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to activation energy in presence of an enzyme | it decreases
🗑
|
||||
| what type of response is observed in a Vo vs [S] chart | Hyperbolic
🗑
|
||||
| what is Km | michaelis- menton constant
the [S] where the rate is 1/2 vmax
🗑
|
||||
| what is the michaelis menton equation | Vo = (vmax[S])/(Km+[S])
Vo= dependent variable
[S]= concentration of substrate
Vmax = theoretical maximum velocity
Km = constante
🗑
|
||||
| what is the inverted MM equation | (1/Vo)= (Km+[S])/(Vmax[s])
🗑
|
||||
| Lineweeaver burke equation | (1/Vo) = (Km/Vmax)(1/[S]) + (1/Vmax)
y = m x + b(y intercept)
🗑
|
||||
| what is the change in Y / change in X | M = Km/Vmax
🗑
|
||||
| what is the X-intercept in a LB plot | -(1/Km)
🗑
|
||||
| what are the three types of reversible inhibition | competitive
uncompetitive
mixed
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to Vmax and Km in competitive inhibition | Vmax stays the same
Km ^
same y intercept in lb plot
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to Vmax and Km in uncompetitive | Vmax \/
Km \/
does not intercept in lb plot
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to Vmax and Km in Mixed | Vmax \/
Km ^
intercepts in 2nd quadrant in lb plot
🗑
|
||||
| what is it called when Vmax \/ and Km stays the same | Non-competitive inhibition
🗑
|
||||
| what are 2 subtypes of enzyme regulation | noncovalent
covalent
🗑
|
||||
| what are 2 types of noncovalent (reversible) reculation | MM type inhibitors ( competitive, uncompetitive, mixed)
Allosteric regulation (removed from active site, change of conformation of enzyme)
🗑
|
||||
| what are 2 types of covalent regulation | reversible
nonreversible
🗑
|
||||
| 2 examples of reversible, covalent regulation | phosphorylation/dephosphorylation
methylation/demethylation
🗑
|
||||
| example of nonreversible, covalent regulation | removal of c and or n terminals
🗑
|
||||
| what is allosteric inhibition | when a modulator bonds to the enzyme ( not the active site ) and changes the shape of the active site
🗑
|
||||
| an example of enzyme-phosphorylation | glycogen-phosphorylase
🗑
|
||||
| what happens when [glucose] in blood falls below homeostatic value | the hormone glucagen stimulates phosphorylase-kinase
🗑
|
||||
| what happens when [glucose] in blood is above homeostatic value | the hormone insulin stimulates phosphorylase - phosphatase
🗑
|
||||
| what is proteolytic cleavage? | activity that leads to breaking of a covalent bond in a protein ( peptide bond )
🗑
|
||||
| how are inactive precursors to enzymes found? | prefix 'pro' or suffix 'gen'
🗑
|
||||
| 3 examples of non reversible enzyme regulation | Hormones
Proteases in digestive tract
Blood clotting cascade
🗑
|
||||
| what are 4 functions of carbohydrates | energy ( source, storage )
structure ( dna backbone, cell walls)
communication (glycocalyx)
joint lubrication (glucosamine)
🗑
|
||||
| 4 classifications of carbohydrates (from smallest in size to largest) | monosaccharide: building block
disaccharide: 2 monosaccharides
oligosaccharides
polysacharides: increasing number of building blocks
🗑
|
||||
| a carbohydrate with a aldehyde group | aldose
🗑
|
||||
| carbohydrate with a ketone group | ketose
🗑
|
||||
| group names by # of carbons | 3-triose
4-tetrose
5-pentose
6-hexose
7-heptose
🗑
|
||||
| what conformation is naturally occurring and is biologically active? | D-carbohydrate
🗑
|
||||
| which carbon determines d or l | chiral carbon furthest away from c=o
🗑
|
||||
| D and L configurations of the SAME sugar are ______. | enantiomers (mirror-images)
🗑
|
||||
| know D-glyceraldehyde D-glucose D-Mannose D-galactose D-rhibose Dihydroxyacetone D-fructose |
🗑
|
||||
| two sugars that differ only in the arrangement around 1 chiral center | epimers
🗑
|
||||
| what makes an alpha or beta cyclic monosacharide | the OH on the C1 carbon opposite of the H2OH on the C6 makes alpha. same side is beta
🗑
|
||||
| what is meant by hemiketal (hemiacetal) | the bond in a cyclic monosacharide formed by a ketone (aldehyde)
🗑
|
||||
| Homopolysaccharides | only one type of building block
🗑
|
||||
| heteropolysaccharides | more than one type of building block
🗑
|
||||
| what shape do 1-4 alpha linked polysaccharides make | spiral
🗑
|
||||
| explain the important features of cellulose | higher organisms cannot express hydrolytic enzymes(cellulase) therefore there is no breakdown of cellulose and it is used as fiber. beta 1-4 linked
🗑
|
||||
| explain the important features of lactose | it has a beta 1-4 connection, majority of humans cannot express lactase and therefore are lactose intolerant
🗑
|
||||
| what is the main storage polysaccharide in animal cells | glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| give information on peptidoglycan | it is found in the cell wall of bacteria
certain antibiotics inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis and prevent bacteria multiplication
🗑
|
||||
| give 2 types of glucosaminoglycans | hyaluronate
heparin
🗑
|
||||
| function of hyaluronate | joint lubrication
🗑
|
||||
| heparin | regulates blood clotting by binding to prothrombin to prevent clotting.
🗑
|
||||
| know glucose family monosacharides |
🗑
|
||||
| starch -monosaccharides -linkage -function | m:glucose
l: 1-4 alpha
br: 1-6 alpha
f:energy storage in plants
🗑
|
||||
| glycogen -monosaccharides -linkage -function | -monosaccharides : glucose
-linkage: 1-4 alpha
br: 1-6 alpha
-function: energy storage in animals
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Cellulose (fiber). (building blocks, location, function, bond type, etc.) | Homopolysaccharide of glucose. Beta-1,4 connection forming an acetal(glycosidic) bond. Linear/unbranched. Reducing end contains a hemiacetal. Extra-cellular. Indigestable by humans as we lack the enzyme to hydrolyze the B-1,4 bond.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Chitin (fiber). (building blocks, location, function, bond type, etc.) | Homopolysaccharide. Beta-1,4. Found in cell walls in fungi, exoskeletons in arthropods, and is indigestable by humans as we lack the enzyme to hydrolyze the B-1,4 bond.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Peptidoglycan. (building blocks, location, function, bond type, etc.) | Heteropolysaccharide. Repeating dimers. Beta-1,4. Found in bacterial cell walls. Antibiotics (Penicillin) inhibits cell wall synthesis and bacterial replication.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Hyaluronate. (building blocks, location, function, bond type, etc.) | Heteropolysaccharide. Glucosaminoglycan. Repeating Disaccharide. Associates with lots of water, lots of OH groups. Functions in joint lubrication, and extracellular structure of skin/CT. Beta-1,3 WITHIN disaccharide. Beta-1,4 BETWEEN disaccharides.
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Heparin (building blocks, location, function, bond type, etc.) | Heteroploysaccharide. Glucosaminoglycan. Repeating Disaccharide. Found in blood. Regulates blood clotting. Binds to Prothrombin. Non-covalent,reversible. alpha-1,4
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Chondroitin. (building blocks, location, function, bond type, etc.) | Heteropolysaccharide. Glucosaminoglycan. Repeating Disaccharide. Associates with lots of water, lots of OH groups. Functions in joint lubrication, and extracellular structure of skin/CT. Beta-1,3 WITHIN disaccharide. Beta-1,4 BETWEEN disaccharides. SMALL!
🗑
|
||||
| Describe Keratan Sulfate. (building blocks, location, function, bond type, etc.) | Heteropolysaccharide. Glucosaminoglycan. Repeating Disaccharide. Associates with lots of water, lots of OH groups. Functions in joint lubrication, and extracellular structure of skin/CT. Beta-1,4 WITHIN disaccharide. Beta-1,3 BETWEEN disaccharides. SMALL!
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
163101164
Popular Chiropractic sets