Lymphatic System
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| Lymphatic system includes | Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph nodules, spleen, thymus
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| Fluid in lymphatic vessel | Lymph
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| Lymph begins as | Filtrate
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| Filtrate becomes from plasma in _____fluid | Interstitial
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| Lymph helps maintain___ | BP
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| Lymph vessels carry___ | Lymph
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| Lymph vessels begin as blind/dead ended____ | Capillaries
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| Blind/dead ended capillaries are called | Lymph capillaries
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| Endothelial cells overlap lymph capillaries to create____to prevent | Flaps, fluid from moving out
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| Specialized lymph capillaries in the villi of small intestines | Lacteals
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| Lacteals absorb____soluble products | Fat
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| Lymph in extremities flow via | Skeletal muscle pump
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| Valves in skeletal muscle pumps made of endothelium from | Flowing down/backwards
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| Lymph not in extremities is pushed toward heart by | Vasoconstriction of lymph vessels
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| Creates pressure during breathing to push lymph from the vessels in the lunch and chest cavity | Respiratory pump
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| Lymph all flows back into | Blood stream
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| Vessels in lower body unite in from of L spine to form | Cisteria chyli
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| Cisteria chili becomes___that travels along spine | Thoracic duct
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| Thoracic duct unites with vessels of the left upper body and empty into___ | L subclavian vein
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| Vessels of the Right upper body unite to form the | R lymphatic duct
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| R lymphatic duct empties into | R subclavian vein
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| Mainly consists of lymphocytes in a framework of connective tissue | Lymphatic tissue
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| ____migrate to lymphatic tissue and become activates | WBC
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| Lymphocytes proliferate in response to ___in all lymphatic tissue | infection
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| Has stem cells that produce most of the T lymphocytes | Thymus
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| Masses of lymphatic tissue | Lymph nodes
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| Lymph nodes are ___mm in diameter/length | 10-20
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| Lymph nodes are encapsulated in__ | Connective tissue
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| Lymph nodes are found in groups along___ | Pathways/lymph vessels
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| Flows toward the node | Afferent
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| Flows away from the node | Efferent
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| Lymph passes through, pathogens are phagoytized by resident/fixed lymphocytes | Macrophages
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| Node may___when fighing infectin | Swell
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| Smaller than nodes | Lymph nodules
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| Lymph nodules are ___(encapsulated/un | Unencapsulated
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| Lymph nodules are located just beneath___ | All mucosa
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| Lymph nodules in small intestines | Peyers patches
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| Lymph nodules found in pharynx | Tonsils
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| Just beneath diaphragm, behind stomach covered by ribs | Spleen
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| IN fetus produces RBC | Spleen
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| After birth acts as large node except it acts on blood not lymph | Spleen
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| After birth containes plasma cells the produce antibodies | Spleen
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| After birth contains fixed macrophages | Spleen
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| Fixed macgophages after birth (aka) | Reticuloendothelial cells (RE cells)
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| After birth stores platelets and destroys them when no lponger useful | Spleen
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| Not a vital organ in adults | Spleen
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| People without a spleen are slightly more susceptible to ____and___ | Pneumonia, meningitis
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| Inferior to they thyroid gland | Thymus
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| Larger in fetus | Thymus
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| Very small in adults | Thymus
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| Produces T lymphocytes | Thymus
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| Also has endocrine function (secretes hormone) | Thymus
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| Necessary for immunological competence | Thymus
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| THymic hormone enables ___ | T cells
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| Recognize foreign antigens and thus provide immunity | T cells
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| The ability to destroy pathogens to prevent infecton | Immunity
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| Mutated cells can also be recognized as | Foreign
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| Organ stransplants are also recognized as | Foreign
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| The chemical markers on cell membranes that identiful cells | Antigens
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| Immunity has __main components | 2
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| ____immunity treats everything the same | Innate
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| Nonspecific, no memory, doesn’t become more efficient with exposure | Innate memory
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| Immunity barriers: keratinized epithelium | Epidermis
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| Immunity barriers: prevent bacterial growth | Sebum
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| Immunity barriers: antimicrobial made in the live epidermal cells | Defensins
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| Immunity barriers: structural barrier | Mucous membrane
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| Immunity barriers: sweep pathogens out to be swallowed | Ciliated epithelium
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| Immunity barriers:enzyme in saliva and tears that destroy pathogens | Lysozymes
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| Immunity barriers: in submucosa and subcutaneous tissue | WBC
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| FOUnd in areolar connective tissue | WBC
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| Release chemicals that contribute to inflammation | WBC
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| Natural killer cells | Lymphocytes
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| Found in blood, red marrow, spleen, and nodes | Lymphocytes
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| Destroy pathogens and tumor cells by releasing chemicals like perforins | Lymphocytes
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