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List of vocab for AP Human Geography exam

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show The portion of the world's land surface that is permanently settled by human beings  
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show A venture involving 3 or more national states - political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives  
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Devolution   show
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Centripetal Force   show
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show A force that divides people  
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show A group of people united by a common culture  
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State   show
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show A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality  
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show States in which 2 or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination coexist  
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Location   show
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show 4 Ways of Identifying Location  
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Place   show
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show An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features  
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Diffusion   show
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show Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships  
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show Why or Where?  
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show The process whereby we think spatially, producing mental images of space which allows us to navigate and to communicate about the relative position of things in space  
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show Authors of mental maps  
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Cultural Landscape   show
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Sequent Occupancy   show
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Scale   show
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show The relationship of a map size to the real-world  
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Eratosthenes   show
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show First person to describe location using a mathematical grid  
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Humbolt & Ritter   show
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show The scientific study of the locations of people and activities across Earth's surface and the reasons for their distribution  
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Human Geography   show
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show The art and science of map-making  
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Map Projection   show
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Relative Size, Shape, Distance, & Direction   show
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show Map projection formed by placing a cylinder around a globe - Useful for sea travel  
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show Type of map that shows cities, provinces, counties, and countries  
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Topographic Map   show
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Relief Map   show
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Chloropeth Map   show
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Dot Distribution   show
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show Gathering of data from satellites for cartographic purposes  
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show Computer systems that process geographic data, usually to make layered maps (thematic layers) showing the correlation between various characteristics  
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show The tiny areas recorded by satellite sensors used in GIS  
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show Navigation systems using satellites  
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show The interaction of a culture and its natural environment  
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Environmental Determinism   show
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show An approach to understanding the interaction of people and the physical environment which rejects environmental determinism in favor of a mutli-cause rationale for social development  
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Anthropogenic   show
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show Restraint in the use of natural resources to ensure enough resources reamin for future generations  
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Toponym   show
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show The physical characteristics of a place  
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show The relative location of a place  
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show Mathematical or grid location such as formed by latitude and longitude or townships and ranges  
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Longlot System   show
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show Frequency of a characteristic in a given locale  
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Concentration   show
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show Geometric arrangement of a characteristic in a given locale  
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Culture   show
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show 3 parts into which cultural regions are divided according to Donald Meinig  
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Formal Region   show
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show A region in which the characteristic(s) radiates from a node  
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Distance Decay   show
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show The increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance  
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show Term for the reduction in time it takes for something to diffuse to a distance place  
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show A perceived region such as "downtown"  
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Vernacular Region   show
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Idiographic   show
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show Facts and features that are universal  
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Spatial Interaction   show
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Globalization   show
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show Cultural borrowing that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come in close contact  
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show Change in a less developed society that results from contact with a more developed society  
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Assimilation   show
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Diffusion   show
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Hearth   show
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show Movement of a characteristic through the movement of people  
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show Permanent relocation diffusion  
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Hierarchical Diffusion   show
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show Rapid widespread diffusion  
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Stimulus Diffusion   show
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show Factory owned by non-Mexican countries operating in Mexico to take advantage of cheap labor and proximity to U.S. markets  
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)   show
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show The area in North Mexico with a lower population density  
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show Scientific study of population  
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Carrying Capacity   show
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show The inability of the resources and economic system in an area to meet the needs of the population  
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Physiological Density   show
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Agricultural Density   show
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show Total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in an area  
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Crude Death Rate (CDR)   show
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show Percentage by which a population grows in a year  
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR)   show
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Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)   show
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Doubling Time   show
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Demographic Transition   show
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show Formula used to predict how much a population will grow (Population + Births - Deaths + Immigration - Emigration)  
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show Location of the geographic population center of the U.S. today called the centroid  
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Population Pyramid (Age/Sex Graph)   show
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show The number of people in the workforce compared to the number outside the workforce  
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show The number of males per 100 females in an area  
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Thomas Malthus   show
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Boserup Hypothesis   show
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show China's anti-natalist policy  
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show The change in the principle causes of death over time  
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Model "S" Curve   show
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show The movement of people from place to place  
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Activity Space   show
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Circulation Mobility   show
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Seasonal Mobility   show
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Ravenstein   show
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Emigration   show
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Push Factors   show
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Immigration   show
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Pull Factors   show
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Net Migration   show
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show Migration within the same region  
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show Migration from region to region  
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International Migration   show
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Migration Transition   show
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show The process in which members of a family or a particular group migrate to the same locale  
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show Type of migration in which people move away from environmental disasters  
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Okies   show
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Bureau of Citizenship & Immigration Services (BCIS)   show
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1986 Immigration Reform & Control Act   show
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show Document that grants entry permission to foreign citizens  
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Guest Workers   show
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Brain Drain   show
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Mariel Boatlift   show
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show Name that the Long Expedition gave to the Southern Great Plains in the U.S.  
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Rust Belt   show
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show Temporary labor forces, usually made up of students, in the USSR  
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show Interregional migration to cities  
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show Interregional migration to the outlying communities around a city  
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Counter-Urbanization   show
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Step Migration   show
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show The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of places farther away  
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show The restriction of migration from Eastern Europe during the Cold War is an example of:  
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show Mexican squatter settlement  
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show "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant thing."  
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Gravity Model   show
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Law of Retail Gravitation   show
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Breaking Point   show
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Migration Stream   show
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United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR)   show
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Eritrea   show
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights   show
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Containerized Shipping   show
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Four Asian Dragons   show
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1 Country, 2 Systems   show
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show The process of determining the size of the units to be investigated in GIS (counties, provinces...)  
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Primary Map Data   show
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Secondary Map Data   show
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show Type of map that uses a symbol in varying sizes to show the magnitude of a characteristic  
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Syncretism   show
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Customs   show
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Cultural Landscape   show
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Folk Culture   show
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Popular Culture   show
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TV   show
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show The continuous flow and return flow of migrants from a particular place to a particular place  
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show Innovations (or diseases) that are less (or more) accessible to people of certain gender, class, age, or ethnicity  
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Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)   show
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show A graph showing the correlation between two variables  
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Language Divergence   show
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Language Convergence   show
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Esperanto   show
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show The communication system of a group of people  
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Literary Tradition   show
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show Language spoken by the largest number of people  
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show Language most widely (spatially) spoken  
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Lingua Franca   show
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Language Family   show
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Language Group   show
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show A variation of a language spoken in a particular region or by a particular group (e.g. American Midland South)  
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show Largest language family  
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Germanic   show
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Balto-Slavic   show
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Cyrillic   show
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show Iranian language  
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show Second largest language family  
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Magyar   show
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Uralic   show
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Relocation Diffusion (Migration)   show
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show Origin of the English Language  
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show The blending of Old English and French  
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show Base language of the Romance languages  
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Vulgar Latin   show
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Vernacular Languages   show
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show Theoretical ancient language that became the Indo-European languages  
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show Method of diffusion of Indo-European languages according to the Kurgan Hearth Theory  
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Russia/Kazakhstan   show
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show Method of diffusion of the indo-European languages according to the Anatolian Hearth Theory  
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show Hearth of the Indo-European languages according to the Anatolian Hearth Theory  
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Pyrenees Mountains   show
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show A recognized or official language in an area  
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show The official language of the United States  
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show A word-usage boundary  
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Creolized Language   show
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show The standard form of English spoken in London by upper-class Britons and at Cambridge and Oxford  
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show Latin American name for the Spanish spoken in Spain  
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show Languages no longer in daily usage  
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Hebrew   show
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show Author of the first modern Hebrew dictionary  
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Celtic   show
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French & Flemish   show
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German, French, Italian, Romansh   show
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French   show
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show Simplified form of a language used by non-native speakers  
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Ebonics   show
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Franglais   show
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show Diffusion of English into Spanish  
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show Revivalism of basic beliefs and the strict following of those beliefs  
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show The movement to reestablish Israel in the modern world  
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show Three territories over which the Palestinians have some autonomy  
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show Founder of modern Turkey  
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show Body of water that separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey  
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show Predominant religion in Ireland  
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show Cluster of a particular group, such as the Poles in Detroit  
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Exclave   show
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Ghetto   show
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show A number between 0 and 1 showing the degree of separation between two groups (lack of interaction)  
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show The likelihood that two groups will interact  
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Spatial Convergence   show
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show Segregation between two factors (groups)  
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Universalizing Religion   show
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show A religion which has a mandate to convert others  
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Ethnic Religion   show
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show Monotheistic religion that developed in Southwest Asia about 3500 years ago  
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show Largest religion  
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Islam   show
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Branch   show
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Denomination   show
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show A breakaway group from a religion such as the Branch Davidians  
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Baptist   show
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show Member sof the Church of Jesus Christ of Later Day Saints  
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show Arabic word for peace  
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Muslim   show
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show Arabic word for God  
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Faith, Prayer, Giving, Fasting, Pilgrimage   show
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Ramadan   show
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show Muslim pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca)  
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Sunni, Shiites/Shia   show
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show Muslim sect founded in Detroit  
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show Early leader of the Nation of Islam who advocated the establishment of a separate autonomous nation within the U.S.  
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show Founder of the Organization of Afro-American Unity  
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show The Buddha Prince  
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"Enlightened One"   show
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show Buddha's search for enlightenment  
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4 Noble Truths   show
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show State beyond suffering in Buddhism  
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8-Fold Path   show
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show Branch of Buddhism dominant in China, Japan, and Korea; its name means "big raft" - followers emphasize Buddha's compassion  
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Theravada   show
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show Branch of Buddhism traditionally dominant in Tibet and Mongolia  
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Dalai Lama   show
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India & Nepal   show
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Vedas   show
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Brahma   show
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show The preserver god in Hinduism  
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show The destroyer god in Hinduism (not seen as evil)  
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Social Order   show
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Lu Province in China   show
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show Correct behavior (good citizenship) in Confucianism  
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show Founder of Daoism  
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show Means of achieving harmony in society according to Daoism  
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Taiwan   show
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Feng Shui   show
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show Ethnic religion of Japan  
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Meiji   show
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show Jewish belief in only one god which emphasized proper conduct  
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show Top two countries for Jewish populations  
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Animism   show
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Jesus   show
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Bethlehem   show
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Gospels   show
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Jesus' Death   show
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Sacraments of the Roman Catholic Church   show
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show Event that split the Catholic Church in 1054  
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Eastern Orthodoxy   show
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show Leader of the Protestant Reformation  
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show Answer to Martin Luther's burning question  
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show Abraham's first wife and the mother of the Jewish people  
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show Abraham's second wife and the mother of the Muslim people  
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Muhammad   show
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show Angel Muhammad had visions of  
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show Holy book of Islam  
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Hijra   show
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Medina   show
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Lumbini (Nepal)   show
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show Indigenous Indians  
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Israel   show
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show Christianity's diffuse (type) through missionaries  
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show Christianity's diffusion (type) through contact between believers and non-believers  
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show Christianity's diffusion (type) through leaders requiring their subjects to adopt Christianity  
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Permanent Relocation Diffusion   show
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show Hearth of Islam  
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show Means of the diffusion of Islam  
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Asoka   show
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show Hearth of Buddhism  
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show Only part of South Asia where Buddhism is still a dominant religion  
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show Forced dispersion of the Jews in 70 A.D.  
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Bodh Gaya   show
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show Birthplace of Muhammad  
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Black Stone   show
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Mount Kailas   show
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Dome of the Rock   show
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Church of the Holy Sepulcher   show
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Western Wall   show
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Natural Events   show
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Events in the Life of the Founder   show
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Rosh Hashanah   show
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Yom Kippur   show
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show Christian celebration of Jesus' resurrection  
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Gregorian   show
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Julian   show
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show Type of calendar used in Islam  
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Mosque   show
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show Muslim prayer towers  
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show Hindu shrines to particular gods  
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show Buddhist buildings containing relics believed to be part of Buddha's body or clothing  
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Taliban   show
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Caste System   show
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show Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth  
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show Identity with a group who share a common biological ancestor  
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show Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities  
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Color   show
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Discrimination   show
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show Race absent from the 2000 Census (because it is not a race)  
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show U.S. Supreme Court decision that established the doctrine of separate but equal  
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Jim Crow Laws   show
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Brown vs. Board of Education   show
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show Taking advantage of "white flight" by buying property from whites who are fearful of blacks moving into their neighborhoods/future lowering of property values and reselling it to blacks at large profits  
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show Legal segregation policy in South Africa  
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Nelson Mandela   show
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show One's identification with a group of people who share legal attachment and allegiance to a particular country  
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show Two principle ethnic/religious groups in South Asia  
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Mahatma Gandhi   show
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Kashmir   show
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Multiethnic State   show
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show A state with two or more ethnic groups which have a tradition of self-determination, such as the U.K.  
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show Region in Azerbaijan in which the majority of people are Armenian Christians who would rather be part of Armenia  
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show African country in which more than two million people have died in the recent civil war between Muslims and non-Muslims  
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Somalia   show
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show Country in the Middle East that has experienced ethnic conflict as the proportions of various groups have changed - It is mostly controlled by Syria  
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show The three principle ethnic groups in Iraq  
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Sinhalese Buddhists, Tamils (Hindus)   show
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Camp David Accords   show
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Ethnic Cleansing   show
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show Former communist dictator of Yugoslavia  
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show The breakup of a state into various smaller states based on ethnic identity  
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Hutus & Tutsis   show
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show World's most fragmented state - It also has the highest number of Muslims  
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Transmigration Program   show
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Bali   show
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Malay, Chinese, Indians   show
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Bumiputera   show
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Ethnic Islands   show
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show The greater average life expectancy of women compared to men  
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show A city neighborhood which is predominantly occupied by Latinos  
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Shatterbelt   show
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Ethnic Landscape   show
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Ethnocentrism   show
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show Outlying development nodes that provide employment and the provision of goods and services so that residents no longer have to commute to the city center  
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show Development that occurs well beyond the limits of the current urbanized area, usually to take advantage of less expensive land  
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Mixed Use Development   show
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New Urbanism   show
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Infill Development   show
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show The study of the formal regions organized by governments  
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State   show
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show Boundary between North and south Korea  
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show Home of the Nationalist Chinese  
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Antarctica   show
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Russian Federation   show
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show Smallest UN member  
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show Height of political unity in the ancient world  
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show Control of an unorganized territory  
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show Control of an inhabited territory organized by indigenous people  
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US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico   show
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Compact   show
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show Namibia's state shape  
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show Two purposes of proruptions  
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Elongated   show
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show Indonesia's state shape  
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Perforated   show
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show An area between two states that is not completely controlled by either  
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Green Line (not a frontier)   show
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Aozou Strip   show
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Straight Line   show
🗑
show International agreement that sets national offshore claims at 12 miles and the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) at 200 miles  
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show Baltic Countries  
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show Largest multinational state  
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show Independence-minded Russian territory in the northern Caucasus region  
🗑
show System of government in which most power rests with the central government  
🗑
show System of government in which most power rests with the national and provincial governments  
🗑
Gerrymandering   show
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Wasted Vote   show
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show Type of gerrymandering in which pockets of a particular group are packed into as few districts as possible  
🗑
Stacked Vote   show
🗑
show Organization replaced by the UN  
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show Term for the world of the Cold War which pitted NATO against the Warsaw Pact  
🗑
Balance of Power   show
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show International organization of American states that promotes social, cultural, and economic links  
🗑
show Organization of African states that works to eliminate minority rule  
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show Organization of 48 states that were once a part of the British Empire that promotes economic and cultural cooperation  
🗑
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)   show
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show Free trade agreement between Mexico, the U.S., and Canada  
🗑
show Organization of countries that export large amounts of petroleum - By controlling worldwide supply, it influences prices  
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show Economic unity of many European countries  
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Euro   show
🗑
show The use of violence against non-military targets to intimidate states into changing policies  
🗑
Al-Qaeda   show
🗑
Iraq, Iran, North Korea   show
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Taliban   show
🗑
Geopolitics   show
🗑
show Geopolitical theory that states that states need to grow or they will die  
🗑
Heartland Theory   show
🗑
show Geopolitical theory that identifies a political power base on the coastal fringes of Eurasia which will eventually dominate the entire world  
🗑
World Systems Theory   show
🗑
show Factors that influence the breakup of a state from within  
🗑
show Enclave of a nation into a territory of another state  
🗑
show Use of armed forces in the aftermath of a conflict to underpin an enduring transition to democracy  
🗑
Diaspora   show
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Territorial Morphology   show
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show A capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory, usually near an international border - It confirms the state's determination to maintain its presence in the region  
🗑
Subsequent Boundary   show
🗑
show Forcibly drawn boundary across a unified cultural landscape  
🗑
show A boundary that has ceased to function but whose imprints are still evident on the cultural landscape  
🗑
1884 Conference of Berlin   show
🗑
Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)   show
🗑
Core Area   show
🗑
show The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the Cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain  
🗑
show Person who developed the Multiple Hearths Theory of Agriculture  
🗑
show Purpose of subsistence agriculture  
🗑
show Purpose of commercial agriculture  
🗑
Derwent Whittlessey   show
🗑
Shifting Cultivation   show
🗑
show Type of agriculture practiced in dry climates in less developed regions of the world  
🗑
show Type of agriculture that often includes rice and production in less developed regions  
🗑
show Proper name for a rice "paddy"  
🗑
Plantations   show
🗑
Mixed Crop & livestock   show
🗑
show The market area for fresh milk  
🗑
show #1 export crop  
🗑
Livestock Ranching   show
🗑
show Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the early summer  
🗑
show Wheat that is planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer  
🗑
show Three steps in harvesting wheat  
🗑
Mediterranean   show
🗑
Boserup Thesis   show
🗑
show Core-periphery model of agriculture that explains the pattern of the distribution of various agricultural activities based on land costs (rent) and transportation costs  
🗑
Value of Yield & Transportation Cost   show
🗑
Sustainable Agriculture   show
🗑
Green Revolution   show
🗑
The Holy Grail of Agricultural Science   show
🗑
show Japan's Tohoku region (in the north)  
🗑
Yamase   show
🗑
Tokyo-Nagoya-Osaka   show
🗑
Luxury Crops   show
🗑
Capital-Intensive Agriculture   show
🗑
Planned Agricultural Economy   show
🗑
show A measure of how much distance discourages movement between places, based on time, energy, or cost that must be expended  
🗑
show Growing crops on water in limited space  
🗑
Debt-for-Nature Swap   show
🗑
Sidewalk Farmer   show
🗑
Suitcase Farmer   show
🗑
Development   show
🗑
Development   show
🗑
Human Development Index (HDI)   show
🗑
show Highest possible HDI  
🗑
United Nations   show
🗑
Economic, Social, Demographic   show
🗑
show Economic factor used to calculate HDI  
🗑
show Social factors used to calculate HDI  
🗑
Life Expectancy   show
🗑
Primary Sector   show
🗑
Secondary Sector   show
🗑
Tertiary Sector   show
🗑
Cars, Phones, TVs   show
🗑
show Approach to economic development that makes investment across all sectors of the economy and sets barriers to international trade  
🗑
show Approach to economic development that focuses on unique assets and their global trade to generate capital to improve the overall economy  
🗑
show Traditional Society, Preconditions for Take-Off, Take-Off, Drive to Maturity, Age of Mass Consumption  
🗑
show Core-periphery model of the distribution of economically strong countries and economically dependent countries  
🗑
show Comparison measure calculated using income, literacy, education ,and life expectancy differences in the male and female populations  
🗑
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)   show
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World Trade Organization (WTO)   show
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show Patch cleared for crops in slash and burn agriculture  
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Sustainable Development   show
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James Watt   show
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show Manufacturing in stages that took place in people's homes  
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show Frist industries of the Industrial Revolution  
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Clustered   show
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show Areas in China where foreign investment is allowed  
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show Decade that stagnant demand became an issue in the global economy  
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show Three major trading blocks  
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Location Theory   show
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show Explanation of the optimal location of a factory as one that minimizes the costs of the transportation of raw material and finished goods as well as labor  
🗑
(Hotelling's) Locational Interdependence Theory   show
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Footloose Industry   show
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Bulk-Reducing Industries   show
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Just-In-Time (JIT)   show
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show Economic Site Factors  
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Export-Processing Zones   show
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Fordist   show
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show System of manufacturing in which workers are given a variety of tasks to perform  
🗑
show Industries that sell primarily outside their regions  
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show Industries that sell primarily within their regions  
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Regional Multiplier   show
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show Location of services  
🗑
Near Customers   show
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show Three types of services  
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show Village surrounded by fields (where most people still live today)  
🗑
Central Place Theory   show
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show Geographer who developed Central Place Theory  
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Central Places   show
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show Nodal region surrounding a central place in which the central place provides services  
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show Shape used in Central Place Theory to show market areas  
🗑
show Two factors used to determine the extent of a market  
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Range   show
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show Minimum number of people needed to support a service  
🗑
show A central place with a high threshold and a long range  
🗑
Low-Order Central Place   show
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Market Area Analysis   show
🗑
Optimal Location   show
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Rank-Size Rule   show
🗑
show Hierarchical pattern of the distribution of cities in which the largest city is more than twice the size of the second largest city  
🗑
show Cities that are centers of the flow of information and capital  
🗑
show Three Tier 1 World Cities - Major stock-exchanges are located in these cities  
🗑
show Cities that are headquarters of large corporations  
🗑
Dependent Centers   show
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Central Business District (CBD)   show
🗑
show Dutch megalopolis which encloses an open space called the Green Heart  
🗑
Dutch Edge Cities (not the same as an edge city)   show
🗑
Deglomeration   show
🗑
show Theory that explains one pattern of urban land-use and that businesses are willing to pay the highest rents in the CBD and less and less toward the periphery  
🗑
Suburban Sprawl   show
🗑
show Approximate fraction of the world's population that lives in urban areas  
🗑
show Principle push factor in urbanization  
🗑
show Principle pull factor in urbanization  
🗑
show Type of factors that Louis Wirth used to define an urban area  
🗑
show A central city in the U.S. of at least 50,000, the county within which the city is located, and the adjacent counties which have a functional connection to the city  
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Gateway Cities   show
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show Cities that have experience population explosions and unplanned growth resulting in pollution ad poverty  
🗑
Megalopolis   show
🗑
show The region from Boston to Washingotn, D.C. in which 1/4 of the U.S. population lives on 2% of the land area  
🗑
show Person who identified the U.S. megalopolis, Boswash  
🗑
Ruhr Valley   show
🗑
show South African megalopolis  
🗑
show City where the three classic models of urban structure were developed  
🗑
"The Loop"   show
🗑
show Sociologist who developed the Concentric Zone Model of Urban Structure  
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show Economist who developed the Sector Model of Urban Structure  
🗑
C.D. Harris & E.L. ullman   show
🗑
Census Tracts   show
🗑
show Comparison of characteristics such as income, education, and ethnicity in urban areas, often using GIS  
🗑
City Center   show
🗑
High-Rise Apartments   show
🗑
Pre-Colonial, Colonial, Independence   show
🗑
show The process in which large houses are subdivided to be rented to low-income people  
🗑
Redlining   show
🗑
Gentrification   show
🗑
show The process of including new areas within a city  
🗑
Density Gradient   show
🗑
Smart Growth   show
🗑
show Another name for the JIT "pull" manufacturing system  
🗑
show Fuels such as wood, plant material, and animal waste  
🗑
Fossil Fuels   show
🗑
show Abundant orm of petroleum found in Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado  
🗑
Uranium   show
🗑
Chernobyl, Ukraine   show
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Not In My Backyard   show
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Plutonium   show
🗑
show Fuel used in nuclear fusion  
🗑
show Waste that exceeds the capacity of the environment to accept or absorb it  
🗑
show The threat to the environmental security by human actions such as atmospheric and groundwater pollution, deforestation, oil spills, and ocean dumping  
🗑
Ecotourism   show
🗑
Nitrogen (78%)   show
🗑
show The result of manmade pollution (CO2) in the lower level of the atmosphere causing an overall increase in temperatures  
🗑
Global Warming & Acid Rain   show
🗑
show Human generated substance that damages the ozone layer  
🗑
show Important function of the ozone layer  
🗑
Montreal Protocol   show
🗑
Kyoto Protocol   show
🗑
show Status of the U.S. regarding the Kyoto Protocol  
🗑
Decrease Discharges, Increase Environmental Capacity   show
🗑
show U.S. program that helps LDCs import food  
🗑


   

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