BIO201 - Final Review 3 - Q & A's from Online Lessons & Labs - Nervous Tissue
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| Which neuron types are most likely multipolar? | Motor neuron & interneuron
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| Which neuron type is unipolar? | Sensory neuron
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| Region of the cell body from which axon originates | Axon hillock
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| Secrets neurotransmitters | Axonal terminal
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| Receptive region of a neuron | Dendrite
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| Insulates the nerve fibers | Myelin sheath
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| Is site of the nucleus & most important metabolic areas | Neuronal cell body
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| May be involved in the transport of substances within the neuron | Neurofibril
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| Essentially rough endoplasmic reticulum, important metabolically | Nissl bodies
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| Impulse generator and transmitter | axon
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| The brain and spinal cord collectively | Central Nervous System
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| Specialized supporting cells in the CNS | Neuroglia
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| Junction or point of close contact between neurons | Synapse
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| A bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS | Tract
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| Neurons serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons | Association Neurons
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| Ganglia and spinal and cranial nerves | Peripheral Nervous System
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| Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS | Ganglion
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| Neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands | efferent neuron
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| Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery | Afferent neuron
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| Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate or inhibit other neurons or effectors | neurotransmitters
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| Shrugging the shoulders | Accessory XI
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| Smelling a flower | Olfactory I
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| Raising the eyelids; focusing the lens of the eye for accommodation; and pupillary constriction | Oculomotor III
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| Slows the heart; increases teh mobility of the digestive tract | Vagus X
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| Involved in Bell's palsy (facial paralysis) | Facial VII
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| Chewing food | Trigeminal V
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| Listening to music; seasickness | Vestibulocochlear VIII
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| Secretion of saliva; tasting well-seasoned food | Facial VII
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| Involved in "rolling" the eyes (3 nerves) | III, IV, VI
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| Feeling a toothache | Trigeminal V
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| Reading Mad Magazine | Optic II
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| Purely sensory in function (3 nerves) | I, II, VIII
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| T/F - NREM sleep episodes are frequently associated w/erection of the penis. | This is false. REM sleep is frequently associated with erection of the penis in adolescent and adult males.
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| T/F - Sensory areas of the cortex for the genitals are located deep in the postcentral gyrus. | True - Deep in postcentral gyrus
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| T/F - The spinal cord ends a the level of L1. | True - Ends at L1
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| T/F - Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. | True - Anterior horn
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| T/F - Cerebrospinal fluid circulates within the ventricles of the brain and in the subarachnoid space outside the brain. | True - CSF does circulate
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| T/F - A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei. | True - Basal Nuclei
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| T/F - Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons. | This is false. Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges.
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| T/F - NREM sleep normally exhibits four distinct stages, which appear to alternate. | True - 4 Stages
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| T/F - Embryonic damage to the mesencephalon could result in improper formation of the midbrain. | True - Midbrain
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| T/F - The canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles and running through the midbrain is the foramen of Monro. | This is false. This is the cerebral aqueduct.
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| T/F - Skill memories preserve the context in which they are learned. | This is false. They do not preserve the circumstances of learning- they are best remembered while doing.
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| T/F - One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing. | True - Located within the medulla oblongata.
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| T/F - Theta waves are a brain wave pattern that can be seen during deep sleep and during anesthesia. | This is false. Delta waves are a brain wave patttern that can be seen during deep sleep.
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| T/F - Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over from one side of the body to the other. | True - They do cross over.
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| T/F - Petit mal seizures found in children generally go away with age. | True - They generally do go away.
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| T/F - The RAS is comprised of specific pathways primarily in the limbic system. | This is false. The RAS is in the reticular formation.
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| T/F - Commissural fibers form the corpus striatum. | This is falase. Commissural fibers form commissures; the largest of which is the corpus callosum.
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| T/F - One disorder of the substantia nigra is Parkinson's disease. | True - Parkinson's disease can result.
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| T/F - The first obvious sign that the nervous system is forming in the embryo is the thickening of the surface ectoderm to form the neural plate. | This is false. The first obvious sign is the formation of the neural tube.
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| T/F - Projection fibers in the brain connect the right and left hemispheres. | his is false. The commissural fibers connect the right and left hemispheres.
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| T/F - Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus. | This is false. This occurs in the thalamus.
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| T/F - The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective, brain. | True - our emotional brain.
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| T/F - The terms "fainting" and "syncope" describe the same thing. | True - both are a loss of consciousness.
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| T/F - The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space. | true
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| T/F - The left cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant. | True - for the majority.
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| Period during which the neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong. | absolute refractory period
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| Called a nerve impulse when transmitted. | action potential
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| The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions. | depolarization
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| An exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response. | relative refractory period
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| The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability. | repolarization
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| Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time. | spatial summation
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| An insufficient stimulus. | subhreshold stimulus
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| Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect. | temporal summation
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| Any stimulus below this intensity will result in no response in a neuron. | threshold stimulus
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| T/F - The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons. | True - They wrap around several axons.
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| T/F - Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. | True - automatic responses.
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| T/F - Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. | True - Motor fibers
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| T/F - Voltage is always measured between two points and may be called the potential between these two points. | True - potential.
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| T/F - Acetylcholine is not a biogenic amine. | True - not a amine
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| T/F - Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. | True - functional groups
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| T/F - The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neural processes. | True - only on myelinated processes.
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| T/F - A positive feedback cycle is the main force in the generation of graded potentials at receptor ends. | his is false. Positive feedback occurs after depolarization begins.
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| T/F - Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. | True - Thicker is faster.
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| T/F - Sensory neurons have long dendrites, while motor neurons have long axons. | True
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| T/F - A graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons is called a postsynaptic potential. | True - postsynaptic potential.
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| T/F - Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. | his is false. As stated in the all-or-none phenomenon, an action potential occurs either completely or it doesn't happen.
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| T/F - In myelinated axons the voltage-gated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. | True - concentrated at nodes of Ranvier.
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| T/F - A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. | True
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| T/F - The two major classes of graded potentials are transmitter potentials and receptor potentials. | This is false. The two classes of graded potentials are generator potentials and post-synaptic potentials.
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| T/F - Saltatory conduction occurs because of the presence of salt (NaCl) around the neuron. | This is false. Saltatory conduction refers to the signal jumping from node to node along the axon.
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| T/F - The all-or-non phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. | This is false. The all-or-non phenomenon states that the action potential either happens completely or it doesn't happen at all.
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| T/F - During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. | True - less negative.
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| T/F - Action potentials can be generated by virtually all cells of the body because all cells possess cell membranes. | This is false. Only cells with excitable membranes, such as neurons and muscle cells, can generate action potentials.
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| T/F - A synapse formed between the axonal ending of one neuron and the cell body of another neuron is called an axosomatic synapse. | True - axosomatic synapse
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| T/F - Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. | True - act like morphine.
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| T/F - Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte. | True - oligodendrocyte
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| T/F - If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them. | True - microglia
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| T/F - Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. | True - outside the CNS.
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| T/F - Neurons that are far away from the center of the neuron pool and thata re not easily excited by an incoming stimulus are in the discharge zone. | his is false. The periphery of the pool is the facilitated zone.
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