Special Senses
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| ambiopia | double vision; also known as diplopia
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| blepharochalasis | droop over the edge of the eyelid
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| blepharoptosis | drooping of the upper eyelid
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| blepharospasm | twitching of the eyelid muscle
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| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva; caused by a bacterial infection, viral infection, allergy, or a response to the environment. also known as pink eye
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| cycloplegia | paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye
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| dacryoadenitis | inflammation of the lacrimal (tear) gland
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| dacryorrhea | excessive flow of tears
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| diplopia | double vision; also known as ambiopia
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| ectropion | edge of eyelid turning outward
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| entropion | edge of eylid turning inward
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| episcleritis | inflammation of the sclera
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| esotropia | inward turning of one eye; crosseyes
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| esotropia | inward turning of one eye; called crosseyes
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| extraocular | outside the eye
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| floaters | spots that appear to drift, or "float" across the visual field
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| hemianopia | blindness, in one-half of the visual field
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| keratomycosis | fungal growth present on the conrnea
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| lacrimation | secretion of tears
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| miotic | causes the pupil of the eye to constrict
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| mydriais | abnormal dilatation of the pupil
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| nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose and the lacrimal (tear) ducts
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| nystagmus | involuntary, rhythmic jerking momements of the eye
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| ophthalmologist | (MD)who specializes in the comprehensive care of the eyes and visual system
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| opthalmology | branch of medicine that specializes in the study of the diseases and disorders of the eye
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| optometrist | responsible for examination of the eye, and associated structures
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| photophobia | abnormal sensitivity to light
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| presbyopia | loss of accommodation for near vision; poor near-vision due to the natural aging process due to its decreaseing loss of elasticity.
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| retinopathy | any disease of the retina
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| astigmatism | a refractive error causing light rays entering the eye to be focused irregularly on the retina due to an abnormally shaped cornea or lens
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| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid stemming from seborrheic, allergic, or bacterial origin
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| blepharoptosis (ptosis) | occurs when the eyelid partially or entirely covers the eye as a result of a weakened muscle (drooping)
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| color blindness (monochromatism) | an inability to sharply perceive visual colors
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| two types of monochromatism (color blindness) | daltonism - unable to distinguish greens from reds & achromatic vision - person cannot distinguish any color
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| cataract | lens in the eye becomes progressively cloudy, losing its normal transparency and thus altering the percepiton of images due to the interference of light transmission to the retina
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| chalazion | cyst or nodule on the eyelid resulting from and obstruction of a meibomian gland
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| conjunctivitis, acute | inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the eyelids
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| corneal abrasion | disruption of the cornea's surface epithelium commonly caused by an eyelash, a small foreign body, contact lenses, or a scratch from a fingernail
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| diabetic retinopathy | consequence of long-term or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus in which the tissues of the retina experience scarring due to: abnormal dilation and constriction of the vessels, hemorrhages, microaneurysm, abnormal formation on new vessels
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| ectropion | "turning out" or eversion of the eyelash margins
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| entropion | "turning in" of the eyelash margins
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| exophthalmia | abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs
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| glaucoma | ocular disorders identified as a group due to the increase in intraocular pressure
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| hemianopia | blindness in one-half of the visual field
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| hordeolum (stye) | bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle or sebaceous gland
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| hyperopia | a refractive error in which the lens of the eye cannot focus on an image accurately, resulting in impaired close vision. called farsightedness
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| keratitis | corneal inflammation caused by a microorganism, trauma to the eye, a break in the sensory innervation of the cornea
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| myopia | refractive error in which the lens of the eye cannot focus on an image accurately, resulting in impaired distant vision. also called nearsightedness
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| nystagmus | rythmic involuntary movements of the eye
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| pterygium | irregular growth developing as a fold in the conjunctiva, usually on the nasal side of the cornea
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| scleritis | inflammation in the white, outside covering of the eyeball (the sclera)
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| convergent strabismus | crosseye, also known as esotropia
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| divergent strabismus | walleye, also known as exotropia
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| keratoplasty | transplantation of corneal tissue from one human eye to another; also called corneal grafting
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| ophthalmoscopy (process) | examination of the external and internal structures of the eye with an instrument called an ophthalmoscope (instrument used)
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| tonometry | determining the intraocular pressure; air-puff tonometer
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| audiologist | health professional who specializes in the study of hearing, detects and diagnoses hearing loss, and works to rehabilitate individuals with hearing loss
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| audiology | field of research devoted to the study of hearing and impaired hearing
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| acoustic | pertaining to sound or hearing
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| audiogram | recording of the faintest sounds an individual is able to hear
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| aural | pertaining to the ear
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| cochlear | snail-shaped structure within the middle ear
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| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the inner ear; primary symptom is vertigo
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| mastoiditis | inflammation of the mastoid process; may occur and is sometimes associated with cholesteatoma
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| myringoplasty | surgical repair of the eardrum; also called a tympanoplsty
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| myringotomy | surgical incision into the eardrum; also called a tympanotomy. usually accompanied by the insertion of a pressure-equalizing tube
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| otalgia | pain in the ear; also called otodynia
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| otitis media, acute (AOM) | inflammation or infection of the middle ear
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| otomycosis | fungal infection of the external auditory meatus of the ear
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| otorrhea | drainage from the ear
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| presbycusis | loss of hearing due to old age
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| purulent | containing to pus
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| serous | pertaining to producing serum
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| tinnitus | rining or tinkling noise heard in the ears; sign of injury to the ear, disease, or tox levelss of some medications
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| vertigo | sensation of spinning around or of having things in the room or area spinning around the person; disturbance of the equilibrium
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| deafness, conductive | hearing loss caused by the breakdown of the transmission of sound waves through the middle and/or external ear
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| deafness, sensorineural | hearing loss caused by the inability of nerve stimuli to be delivered to the brain, can occur because of the aging process or damaged hair cells of the organ of Corti
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| Meniere's disease | chronic inner ear disease in which there is an overaccumulation of endolymph (fluid in the labyrinth) characterized by recurring episodes of vertigo (dizziness), hearing loss, feeling of pressure or fullness in the affected ear, and tnnitus
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| otis externa (OE) | inflammation of the outer or external ear canal; also called "swimmers ear"
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| serous otitis media (SOM) | collection of clear fluid in the middle ear that may follow acute otitis media, due to an obstruction of the eustachian tube
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| otosclerosis | condition in which the footplate of the stpes becomes immobile and secured to the oval window
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| audiometry | process of measuring, individual hears various fequencies of sound waves
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| otoscopy | use of the otoscope to view and examine the tympanic membrane and various parts of the outer ear
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| otoplasty | removal of a portion of ear cartilage to bring the pinna and auricle nearer the head. usually done for cosmetic purposes through reconstructive plastic surgery
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