BIO201 -Ch 11 - NS Fundamental- Neuron/Tissue Basics - Marieb/Hoehn - Rio Salado
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of? | show 🗑
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| The CNS is the __ of the nervous system. | show 🗑
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| show | The nerves (bundles of axons) that extend FROM brain & spinal cord - spinal & cranial nerves.
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| The peripheral nerves serve as? | show 🗑
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| show | Motor/efferent division (to CNS) & sensory/afferent division (away from CNS).
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| Sensory/Afferent Division | show 🗑
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| Sensory fibers conveying impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, & joints are called __. | show 🗑
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| show | Visceral afferent fibers
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| Role of the motor/efferent division? | show 🗑
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| The motor division of the PNS has 2 main parts. | show 🗑
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| Another name for the somatic nervous system? | show 🗑
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| The autonomic (involuntary) nervous system has 2 divisions. | show 🗑
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| The sympathetic & parasympathetic work in __. | show 🗑
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| Nervous tissue made of which 2 principal types of cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Supportive scaffolding
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| show | Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, & ogligodendrocytes.
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| show | Branching processes (extensions) & central body.
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| show | Their much smaller size & darker - staining nuclei.
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| show | Half
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| show | Most abundant & versatile glial cells - exchanges between capuillaries & neurons, guide migration of young neurons.
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| Which neuroglia "mop up" leaked potassium ions & recapturing released neurotransmitters. | show 🗑
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| show | Small ovoid cells - monitor health of nearby neurons - phagocytize microorganisms or neuronal debris.
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| Cells of the immune system are denied access to the CNS, so __ are important to phagocytize invading microorganisms. | show 🗑
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| Ependymal Cells | show 🗑
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| show | Wrap their processes around neuron fibers to produce insulating coverings called myelin sheaths.
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| Name the 2 neuroglia of the PNS. | show 🗑
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| show | Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS - unknown purpose.
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| Schwann cells | show 🗑
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| show | Schwann cells
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| show | (1) extreme longivity, (2) amitotic (can't divide), & (3) high metabolic rate.
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| Perikaryon | show 🗑
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| show | Rough ER of neuron - probably the most active & best developed in body.
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| show | Bundles of intermediate filaments (neurofilaments) - maintain cell shape & integrity.
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| Lipofuscin | show 🗑
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| Clusters of cell bodies in CNS are called __. | show 🗑
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| show | Ganglia
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| Bundles of neuron processes are called __ in the CNS and __ in the PNS. | show 🗑
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| Any long axon is called a __. | show 🗑
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| Some axons have occasional branches called __. | show 🗑
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| show | Terminal branches, or telodendria
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| Knoblike distal endings of terminal branches have various names like __. | show 🗑
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| The conducting region of the neuron. | show 🗑
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| The axon functions to __ & __. | show 🗑
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| Axons differ fromdendrites & cell body in 2 important ways. | show 🗑
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| Axon depends on __ to renew necessary proteins. | show 🗑
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| show | Axon plasma membrane
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| What viruses & bacterial toxins use retrograde axonal transport? | show 🗑
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| show | Unmyelinated
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| Myelin sheaths in the PNS are formed by? | show 🗑
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| show | Portion of Schwann cell's plasma membrane that bulges due to nucleus & cytoplasm.
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| show | Nodes of Ranvier or neurofibril nodes.
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| Axon collaterals emerge from the axon at __. | show 🗑
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| Myelin sheaths are formed by __ in the CNS. | show 🗑
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| show | Cell extensions are doing the coiling - by oligodendrocytes.
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| White matter contains __ fibers. | show 🗑
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| Gray matter contains __ fibers. | show 🗑
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| show | Numbers of processes extending from cell body.
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| 3 major neuron groups - structurally. | show 🗑
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| show | Multipolar neurons - 99%
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| Bipolar neurons are rare & found where? | show 🗑
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| Psudounipolar neurons are found where? | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory, motor, & interneurons.
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| show | Unipolar
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| Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit impulses __ sensory receptors. | show 🗑
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| show | Away from
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| show | Outside, in
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| show | Interneurons in CNS (multipolar).
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| show | Blocks (circuits)
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| Reflex arc | show 🗑
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| show | Brain, spinal cord, interneurons
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| PNS (Peripheral Nevous System) | show 🗑
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| show | Cell bodies of several neurons that occur in clusters.
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| show | Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - autoimmune disease.
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| show | Thick myelin sheaths & diameter - Somatic sensory & motor - sense skin, skeletal muscles, & joints.
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| show | Lightly myelinated - autonomic NS - visceral organs, pain & touch of skin.
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| Group C nerve fibers | show 🗑
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| Synapses between axon ending of 1 neuron & dendrites of other are __ synapses. | show 🗑
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| Synapse between axon of 1 neuron & cell bodies of others are __ synapses. | show 🗑
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| show | 1000 - 10,000
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| Electrical synapses | show 🗑
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| show | Cell body
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| Excitatory synapses occur most often on the __. | show 🗑
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| show | Neurotransmitters & electrical signals.
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| show | Include: dopamine, norepinephrine, etc - are catecholamines & indolamines - emotional behavior & bio clock - mental illness.
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| show | Pain & pleasure - gut-brain peptides.
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| Purines | show 🗑
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| Dissolved gases | show 🗑
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| Channel-linked receptors | show 🗑
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| G Protein-linked receptors | show 🗑
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| Neuronal pools | show 🗑
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| Diverging Circuits | show 🗑
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| show | Have concentrating effect - putting it all together.
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| Reverberating (oscillating) circuits | show 🗑
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| show | Input travels along 1 pathway - reflex arc
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| Parallel processing | show 🗑
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| N.S. originates from a __ & __ formed from surface __. | show 🗑
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