Chapter 13 - Sensory System
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| List the five kinds of sensory receptors. | Chemoreceptors, Nociceptors (pain receptors), Thermoreceptors,
Mechanoreceptors, Photoreceptors
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| Receptor | A specialized area of a sensory neuron that detects a specific stimulus
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| Chemoreceptors | Receptors stimulated by changes in the chemicals such as H+, calcium, and food (taste and smell)
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| Nociceptors (pain receptors) | Receptors stimulated by tissue damage or distension (pain)
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| Thermoreceptors | Receptors stimulated by changes in temperature (heat and cold)
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| Mechanoreceptors | Receptor stimulated by changes in pressure or movements of body fluids
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| Photoreceptors | Receptors stimulated by light (sight)
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| Sensation | The conscious awareness of incoming sensory information
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| List the four components of a sensation | Stimulus, Receptor, Sensory Nerve, and Special area of the brain
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| Projection | The process by which the brain, after receiving a sensation, refers that sensation back to its source. (example: an amputee feeling pain in the limb that has been amputated and feeling that the limb is still attached--known as "phantom limb"
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| Adaptation | Condition in which the magnitude of a receptor potential decreases over a period of time in response to a continuous stimulus (example: a strong odor in a room diminishes after a short period of time)
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| What are Nociceptors? | Pain Receptors
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| What spinal tract carries the pain sensations? | The spinothalamic tract
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| With regard to pain, what happens at the level of the thalamus | The person first becomes aware of the pain
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| What is referred pain? | When pain feels as if it is coming from an area other than the site where it originates
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| List some causes of pain | Tissue Injury; Deficiency of Oxygen; Tissues are stretched or deformed
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| Analgesia | Absence of pain
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| What are tactile receptors? | Touch receptors
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| Name the two thermoreceptors | Heat receptors and cold receptors
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| Proprioception | The sense of orientation, or position. (example: allows you to locate a body part without looking at it)
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| Name the special senses | Smell, taste, sight, hearing, balance
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| Olfaction | The sense of smell; is associated with sensory structures in the upper nose
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| Receptor associated with olfaction | Olfactory receptors are classified as chemoreceptors
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| Where is the cerebral olfactory area | The temporal lobe
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| What happens when odor triggers an emetic response | Once the olfactory receptors have been stimulated, the sensory impulses travel along the olfactory nerve (CN I). The sensory information is eventually interpreted as smell within the olfactory area of the temporal lobe.
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| Cranial Nerve name and number used in the sense of smell. | Olfactory nerve (CN I)
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| Olfactory aura | The sensation of smelling an odor that is not present.
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| Gustatory sensation | Sense of taste.
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| Identify the receptor type for taste. | Taste receptions are classified as chemoreceptors.
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| Gustatory Cortex | The area of the cerebral cortex that is located in the parietal lobe of the brain.
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| Identify the cranial nerves involved in the sensation of taste. | Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX),
Vagus (X).
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| List the four taste sensations. | bitter, sour, salty, sweet
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