C6 Respiratory System
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| external respiration | inhaling air into lungs and exhaling
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| internal respiration | cellular respiration - exchange of gases between blood and tissues
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| nasal cavity | consists of mucous membranes and cilia, incoming air is filtered and warmed
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| paranasal sinuses | air spaces in skull where mucous is produced that helps to lubricate the nasal cavity
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| pharynx | throat
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| nasopharynx | contains adenoids/pharyngeal tonsils
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| oropharynx | contains palatine tonsils (lymphatic tissue)
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| laryngopharynx | handles both food and air, divides into larynx and esophagus
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| larynx | voice box
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| esophagus | carries food to stomach
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| epiglottis | cartilage flap that closes to preven food from entering larynx and trachea
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| glottis | opening to the larynx
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| palatine tonsils | lymphatic tissue at back of the roof of the mouth, or oropharynx
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| pharyngeal tonsils | adenoids in the nasopharynx, upper back wall of the throat
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| trachea | windpipe, tube of cartilage rings which divides into two bronchial tubes
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| bronchi | 2 bronchial tubes that the trachea divides into at the mediastinum
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| mediastinum | space of the chest where trachea divides into two bronchi
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| hilum | area where a bronchus, nerves, and blood vessels enter the lung
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| bronchioles | smaller tubes
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| alveoli | air sacs that facilitate the exchange of oxygen
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| pulmonary parenchyma | bronchioles and alveoli
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| 3 lobes | right lung
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| 2 lobes | left lung
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| pleura | double membrane surrounding lungs
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| visceral pleura | innermost membrane lining the lung
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| parietal pleural | outermost membrane lining of the lung, closest to ribs
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| croup | caused by infection, allergic reactions, or foreign bodies, obstructs passage of air through larynx, causing barking cough and stridor
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| stridor | harsh, high pitched sounds made during respiration
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| rales | crackles, abnormal crackling sounds when fluid, blood, or pus are in alveoli
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| rhonchi | coarse, loud rales caused by secretions in a bronchus
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| diptheria | bacterial throat infection
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| pertussis | whooping cough, bacterial throat infectin
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| asthma | bronchial spasms and constriction of the bronchial airways which cause dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing
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| dyspnea | labored breathing
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| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of bronchial tubes associated with recurring lung infections
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| bronchitis | persistent inflammation of the bronchi
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| bronchogenic carcinoma | malignant tumors in bronchial pathways, can spread rapidly to the lungs
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| cystic fibrosis | inherited disease compromising the function of mucous membranes, causing obstructions (exocrine glands involved)
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| tuberculosis | caused by bacilli, producing obstructions called tubercles
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| tubercles | swellings caused by tuberculosis
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| emphysema | breakdown of alveoli walls through over-inflation causing loss of air exchange
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| pneumoconiosis | chronic condition linked to inhaling dust
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| pneumonia | inflammation and infection of alveoli producing pus, fluid, and other by-products in the lungs
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| anthracosis | black lung disease, caused by inhaling coal dust
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| asbestosis | linked to asbestos fibers
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| silicosis | caused by inhaling silica or glass
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| Grinder's disease | silicosis
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| double pneumonia | both lungs affected
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| atelectasis | collapsed lung or part of a lung, caused by trauma or blockages
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| pulmonary abscess | large collection of pus in lung caused by bacterial infection
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| pulmonary edema | swelling or buildup of fluids in bronchioles and alveoli
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| pulmonary emobolism | clot in the vessels of the lung
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| mesothelioma | tumor in the pleura
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| pleural effusion | fluid in the pleural cavity
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| pleurisy | pleuritis
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| pleuritis | inflammation of the pleura
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| pneumothorax | air or gas buildup in the pleural cavity
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| sputum | material expelled from chest area of lungs
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| spirometer | measures air intake and output
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| thoracentesis | insertion of needle or catheter into pleural cavity to obtain fluid, drain effusions, or expand a collapsed lung
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| tracheostomy | opening in the trachea if upper respiratory system damaged
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| thoracotomy | chest opened to access lungs for biopsies or resection
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| lung resection | partial or full removal of lung
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Created by:
Eosine
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