Orofacial Anatomy - definitions for intraoral structures
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| Oral cavity | The inside of the mouth
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| Maxilla | The upper jaw that consists of two maxillary bones
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| Mandible | Single facial bone that articulates bilaterally with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joints
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| Lingual | Structures closest to the tongue
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| Palatal | Structures closest to the palate
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| Facial | Structures closest to the facial surface
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| Labial | Structures closest to the lips
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| Buccal | Structures closest to the inner cheek
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| Mucosa | Mucus membrane such as that lining the oral cavity
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| Labial mucosa | Lining of the inner portions of the lips
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| Buccal mucosa | Mucosa that lines the inner cheek
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| Buccal fat pad | Dense pad of tissue covered by the buccal mucosa
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| Parotid papilla | Small elevation of tissue that marks the opening of the parotid salivary gland and is located opposite the second maxillary molar on the inner cheek
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| Maxillary tuberosity | Elevation on the posterior aspect of the maxilla that is perforated by the posterior superior alveolar foramina
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| Vestibules | Upper and lower spaces among the cheeks, lips, and gingival tissues in the oral region
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| Alveolar mucosa | Mucosa that lines the vestibules of the oral region
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| Mucobuccal fold | Fold in the vestibule where the labial or buccal mucosa meets the alveolar mucosa
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| Labial frenum | Fold of tissue or frenulum located at the midline between the labial mucosa and alveolar mucosa of the maxilla and mandible
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| Gingiva | Mucosa surrounding the maxillary and mandibular teeth
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| Attached gingiva | Gingiva that tightly adheres to the bone over the roots of the teeth
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| Mucogingival junction | Border between the alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva
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| Marginal ginginva | Nonattached gingiva at the gingival margin of each tooth
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| Sulcus | Shallow depression or groove such as that between a tooth and the inner surface of the marginal gingiva
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| Interdental gingiva | Attached gingiva between the teeth
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| Palate | Roof of the mouth
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| Hard palate | Anterior portion of the palate formed by the palatine processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones
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| Median palatine raphe | Midline fibrous band of the palate
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| Incisive papilla | Bulge of tissue on the hard palate over the incisive foramen
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| Palatine rugae | Irregular ridges of tissue surrounding the incisive papilla on the hard palate
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| Soft palate | Posterior nonbony portion of the palate
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| Uvula | Midline muscular structure that hangs from the posterior margin of the soft palate
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| Pterygomandibular fold | Fold of tissue in the oral cavity that covers the pterygomandibular raphe
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| Retromolar pad | Dense pad of tissue distal to the last tooth of the mandible that covers the retromolar triange
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| Tongue | A prominent feature of the oral region
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| Base of the tongue | The posterior third or root of the tongue
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| Body of the tongue | Anterior two-thirds of the tongue
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| Apex of the tongue | Tip of the tongue
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| Lingual papillae | Small elevated structures covering the dorsal surface of the body of the tongue
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| Lateral surface of the tongue | Side of the tongue
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| Foliate lingual papillae | Ridges of the papillae on lateral tongue surface
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| Dorsal surface of the tongue | Top surface of the tongue
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| Median lingual sulcus | Midline depression on the dorsal surface of the tongue that corresponds to the deeper median septum
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| Filiform lingual papillae | Papillae that give the tongue its velvety texture
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| Fungiform lingual papillae | Papillae with a mushroom shaped appearance
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| Sulcus terminalis | V-shaped groove in the dorsal surface of the tongue
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| Foramen cecum | Depression on the dorsal surface of the tongue where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the pharynx
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| Circumvallate lingual papillae | Large lingual papillae anterior to the sulcus terminalis
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| Lingual tonsil | Indistinct layer of lymphoid tissue located on the dorsal surface of the tongue's base
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| Lingual veins | Veins that include the deep lingual, dorsal lingual, and sublingual veins
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| Plica fimbriata | Fold with fingerlike projections on the ventral surface of the tongue
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| Lingual frenum | Midline fold of tissue or frenulum between the ventral surface of the tongue and floor of the mouth
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| Sublingual fold | Fold of tissue on the floor of the mouth where other smaller ducts of the sublingual salivary gland open into the oral cavity
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| Sublingual caruncle | Papilla near the midline of the floor of the mouth where the sublingual and submandibular ducts open into the oral cavity
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| Pharynx | Portion of both the respiratory and digestive tracts that is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larygnopharynx
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| Larnygopharynx | Inferior portion of the pharynx close to the laryngeal opening
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| Nasopharynx | Portion of the pharynx that is superior to the level of the soft palate
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| Oropharynx | Portion of the pharynx that is between the soft palate and opening of the larynx
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| Epiglottis | A flap of cartilage that, during swallowing, folds back to cover the entrance to the larynx, preventing food and liquid from entering the trachea and then the lungs
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| Fauces | Faucial isthmus or junction between the oral region and oropharynx
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| Anterior faucial pillar | Vertical fold anterior to each palatine tonsil created by the palatoglossal muscle
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| Posterior faucial pillar | Vertical fold posterior to each palatine tonsil created by the palatopharyngeous muscle
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| Palatine tonsils | Tonsils located between the anterior and posterior faucial pillars
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