U.S History
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| Reconstruction | program brought up by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair damage to the south caused by the civil war and restore the southern states to the union
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| Popular Sovereignty | The People Rule , democracy
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| Limited Government | The government is limited by the law
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| Federalism | The division of power between the state and national government
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| Separation Of Powers | Executive branch,Legislative branch , Judicial branch
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| Checks and balances | gives each branch of the national governments ways to check , or control,the other branches witch prevents too much power to one branch
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| Flexibility | features of the constitution that have made it possible for the document to meet changing conditions
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| Spoils System | government given jobs
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| black codes | laws that restricted African Americans rights and opportunities
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| First Constitution | The Articles Of Confederation
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| Administration | staff of executive branch
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| Precedent | act or statement that becomes an example rule or tradition to be followed
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| Cabinet | group of senior officials appointed by the president that heads the executive department and advises the president
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| Federal | National
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| Shays Rebellion | Farmers rebellion led by denial shays against higher taxes in Massachusetts
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| Ratification | Official Approval
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| Federalist | One who favored ratification of the constitution
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| Anti-Federalist | One who was against ratification of the constitution
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| Bill of rights | First ten amendments to the constitution;written list of freedoms guaranteed to citizens by the government
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| cash crops | grown for sale
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| staple crops | that are in good demand
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| Magna Carta | English document from 1215 that limited the power of the king and provided basic right to citizens
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| Non importation Agreement | Colonial consumer boycotts of British exports as a response to taxes passed by parliament
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| 13th amendment | abolished slavery
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| 15th amendment | guaranteed voting rights
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| 14th amendment | defined citizenship and equal protection rights
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| Tenant farming | system in witch a farmer paid rent to a landowner for the use of the land
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| Enforcement Acts | 1870 and 1871 laws that made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizens rights to cook
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| Freedman Bureau | Federal agency designed to aid freed laves and poor white farmers in the south after the civil war
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| Radical Republican | Congressman who advocate full citizenship rights for African Americans along with a harsh reconstruction policy toward the south
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| Integration | Bringing people of different races,religions,and social classes together
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| Scalawag | Negative term for a southern white who supported the republican party after the civil war
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| Carpetbagger | Negative term for northerners who moved to the south after the civil war
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| Impeach | Accusation against a public official of wrong doing in office
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| Redeemer | Term for white southern democrats who returned to power after 1870
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| Compromise of 1877 | Agreement by witch Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from the south
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| Solid South | Returning the south back to the democrats after the civil war and ended reconstruction
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| Tenure of office act | stated that the president could not remove officials appointed with the senates consent unless the senate agreed to their removal
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| Blockade | military tactic in witch a navy presents vessels from entering or leaving its enemy's ports
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| Anaconda Plan | Northern civil war strategy to starve the south by blockading seaports and controlling the mississippi river
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| Border State | states that allowed slavery but remained in the union
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| Shiloh | 1862 civil war battle where nearly 25,000 union and confederate troops were killed or wounded
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| Contraband | supplies captured from an enemy during wartime
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| Emancipation Proclamation | decree by president Lincoln the freed enslaved people living in confederate states still in rebellion
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| Antietam | 1866 civil war battle in witch 23,000 troops were killed or wounded in one day
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| Militia Act | 1862 law that allowed African American soldiers to serve in the union military
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| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | More than 180,000 African American volunteers had served in the union military
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| Homestead Act | 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for 5 years
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| Conscription | drafting of citizens into military service
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| Copperhead | negative term given to antiwar northern democrats during the civil war
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| Habeas Corpus | Constitutional guaranteed that no one can be held in prison without charges being field
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| inflation | raising prices
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| income tax | tax that must be paid by individuals and corporations based on money earned
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| siege | military tactic in which an enemy is surround and all supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender
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| Total War | military strategy in which an army attacks not only enemy troops but the economic and civilian resources that support them
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| Poll Tax | Tax imposed on every voter in the south those who could not afford the tax did not vote
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| Literacy Test | required citizens to prove they could read and write before they could vote
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| Grandfather Clause | Allowed the cons or grandsons of those who were eligible to vote in 1867 to vote even if he could neither pay the tax or pass the test
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| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court ruling that said "seperate but equal made segregation legal" is ok made jim crow laws legal(Segregation laws)
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| McCullough v. Maryland | Upholds the use of the elastic clause ,federal supremacy over a state
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| Purposes of the deceleration of independence | a)to announce to the world that colonies were independent
b)to explain and justify why the colonies had declared independence
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| Three key idead of the decleration of independence | a)natural right
b)government by consent of the governed
c)right to over throw the government if it dosent protect the rights
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| loose construstion | belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the constitution
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| Tariff | tax on imported goods
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| strict construction | belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the constitution
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| Whiskey Rebellion | 1794 uprising in western Penn that opposed the federal excise tax on whiskey
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| political party | organization of people who vote for the winner elections and hold public office in order to shape government policy
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| democratic republican | led by Jefferson , one of the first political parties in the united states
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| Bicameral Legislature | Law making body made up of two houses
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| NW Ordinance of 1787 | law which provided a basis for governing the northwest territory
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| Alexander Hamilton | helped win the ratification vote in new york . thought the average person was stupid
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| James Madison | wrote 29 of the federalist papers , elected to the connection to ratify the constitution that he played a large role in creating helped , frame the bill of rights
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| Great Compromise | compromise between the Virgina and new jersey plans for a bicameral legislature , each state would have equal representation in the senate and varied representation in the house of representatives based on the states population
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| electoral college | group of persons chosen from each state to in directly elect the president and vice president
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| mayflower compact | consent of the governed
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| Petition of rights | law that developed from traditional and court decisions;formed the basis of American law
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| Democracy | government by the people
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| Republic | representatives elected by voters
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| Baron DE Montesquieu | separation of powers
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| Judicial Branch | interprets the laws
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| Executive Branch | Carries out the laws
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| Legislative Branch | Makes the laws
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| Negative effects of urban growth | 1.Housing;multifamily buildings called tenements
2.Health;urban crowding helped spread disease
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| Positive effects of urban growth | 1.New technology
2.Cultural advances
3.politics
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| Social Classes | 1.wealthy lived in mansion(conspicuous consumption)
2.Middle class professionals
3.workers and poor. slums and tenements
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| Urbanization resulted from | Industrialization
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| Industrialization and new building technologies triggered an explosion of urban growth that brought | Social Changes
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| Urban | City
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| Rural | Country
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| Cultural Advances | Museum , theaters,parks.mass-circulation
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| Horatio Algar | "Rags to Riches"
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| Leader Of Knights of labor | Uriah Smith Stephens
Terence V.Powderly
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| Leader Of AFL | Samuel Gompers
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| Leader of Railway Workers | Eugene V. Deds
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| Railway Workers | Pullman strike
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| Railway Workers | Railroad strike of 1877
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| AFL | Bread and butter union
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| AFL | Homestead strike of 1892
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| Knights of labor | Haymarket square of 1886
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| The age of invention | Industrialization
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| Munn v. Illinois | states could regulate business affected with a public interest
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| Sherman Antitrust act | outlawed monopolies
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| Henry ford | assembly line and higher wages
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| JP Morgan | finance for railroads and steel
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| JD Rockefeller | oil refining business , used ruthless business method to eliminate competition formed at the first trust
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| Andrew Carnegie | steel industry,sought to control all aspects of steel making using horizontal integration
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| Trust me I am a ... | Monopoly
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| Trusts | Group of corporations under a single board of trustees
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Created by:
zholme54
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