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U.S History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | program brought up by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair damage to the south caused by the civil war and restore the southern states to the union |
| Popular Sovereignty | The People Rule , democracy |
| Limited Government | The government is limited by the law |
| Federalism | The division of power between the state and national government |
| Separation Of Powers | Executive branch,Legislative branch , Judicial branch |
| Checks and balances | gives each branch of the national governments ways to check , or control,the other branches witch prevents too much power to one branch |
| Flexibility | features of the constitution that have made it possible for the document to meet changing conditions |
| Spoils System | government given jobs |
| black codes | laws that restricted African Americans rights and opportunities |
| First Constitution | The Articles Of Confederation |
| Administration | staff of executive branch |
| Precedent | act or statement that becomes an example rule or tradition to be followed |
| Cabinet | group of senior officials appointed by the president that heads the executive department and advises the president |
| Federal | National |
| Shays Rebellion | Farmers rebellion led by denial shays against higher taxes in Massachusetts |
| Ratification | Official Approval |
| Federalist | One who favored ratification of the constitution |
| Anti-Federalist | One who was against ratification of the constitution |
| Bill of rights | First ten amendments to the constitution;written list of freedoms guaranteed to citizens by the government |
| cash crops | grown for sale |
| staple crops | that are in good demand |
| Magna Carta | English document from 1215 that limited the power of the king and provided basic right to citizens |
| Non importation Agreement | Colonial consumer boycotts of British exports as a response to taxes passed by parliament |
| 13th amendment | abolished slavery |
| 15th amendment | guaranteed voting rights |
| 14th amendment | defined citizenship and equal protection rights |
| Tenant farming | system in witch a farmer paid rent to a landowner for the use of the land |
| Enforcement Acts | 1870 and 1871 laws that made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizens rights to cook |
| Freedman Bureau | Federal agency designed to aid freed laves and poor white farmers in the south after the civil war |
| Radical Republican | Congressman who advocate full citizenship rights for African Americans along with a harsh reconstruction policy toward the south |
| Integration | Bringing people of different races,religions,and social classes together |
| Scalawag | Negative term for a southern white who supported the republican party after the civil war |
| Carpetbagger | Negative term for northerners who moved to the south after the civil war |
| Impeach | Accusation against a public official of wrong doing in office |
| Redeemer | Term for white southern democrats who returned to power after 1870 |
| Compromise of 1877 | Agreement by witch Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from the south |
| Solid South | Returning the south back to the democrats after the civil war and ended reconstruction |
| Tenure of office act | stated that the president could not remove officials appointed with the senates consent unless the senate agreed to their removal |
| Blockade | military tactic in witch a navy presents vessels from entering or leaving its enemy's ports |
| Anaconda Plan | Northern civil war strategy to starve the south by blockading seaports and controlling the mississippi river |
| Border State | states that allowed slavery but remained in the union |
| Shiloh | 1862 civil war battle where nearly 25,000 union and confederate troops were killed or wounded |
| Contraband | supplies captured from an enemy during wartime |
| Emancipation Proclamation | decree by president Lincoln the freed enslaved people living in confederate states still in rebellion |
| Antietam | 1866 civil war battle in witch 23,000 troops were killed or wounded in one day |
| Militia Act | 1862 law that allowed African American soldiers to serve in the union military |
| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | More than 180,000 African American volunteers had served in the union military |
| Homestead Act | 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for 5 years |
| Conscription | drafting of citizens into military service |
| Copperhead | negative term given to antiwar northern democrats during the civil war |
| Habeas Corpus | Constitutional guaranteed that no one can be held in prison without charges being field |
| inflation | raising prices |
| income tax | tax that must be paid by individuals and corporations based on money earned |
| siege | military tactic in which an enemy is surround and all supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender |
| Total War | military strategy in which an army attacks not only enemy troops but the economic and civilian resources that support them |
| Poll Tax | Tax imposed on every voter in the south those who could not afford the tax did not vote |
| Literacy Test | required citizens to prove they could read and write before they could vote |
| Grandfather Clause | Allowed the cons or grandsons of those who were eligible to vote in 1867 to vote even if he could neither pay the tax or pass the test |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court ruling that said "seperate but equal made segregation legal" is ok made jim crow laws legal(Segregation laws) |
| McCullough v. Maryland | Upholds the use of the elastic clause ,federal supremacy over a state |
| Purposes of the deceleration of independence | a)to announce to the world that colonies were independent b)to explain and justify why the colonies had declared independence |
| Three key idead of the decleration of independence | a)natural right b)government by consent of the governed c)right to over throw the government if it dosent protect the rights |
| loose construstion | belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the constitution |
| Tariff | tax on imported goods |
| strict construction | belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the constitution |
| Whiskey Rebellion | 1794 uprising in western Penn that opposed the federal excise tax on whiskey |
| political party | organization of people who vote for the winner elections and hold public office in order to shape government policy |
| democratic republican | led by Jefferson , one of the first political parties in the united states |
| Bicameral Legislature | Law making body made up of two houses |
| NW Ordinance of 1787 | law which provided a basis for governing the northwest territory |
| Alexander Hamilton | helped win the ratification vote in new york . thought the average person was stupid |
| James Madison | wrote 29 of the federalist papers , elected to the connection to ratify the constitution that he played a large role in creating helped , frame the bill of rights |
| Great Compromise | compromise between the Virgina and new jersey plans for a bicameral legislature , each state would have equal representation in the senate and varied representation in the house of representatives based on the states population |
| electoral college | group of persons chosen from each state to in directly elect the president and vice president |
| mayflower compact | consent of the governed |
| Petition of rights | law that developed from traditional and court decisions;formed the basis of American law |
| Democracy | government by the people |
| Republic | representatives elected by voters |
| Baron DE Montesquieu | separation of powers |
| Judicial Branch | interprets the laws |
| Executive Branch | Carries out the laws |
| Legislative Branch | Makes the laws |
| Negative effects of urban growth | 1.Housing;multifamily buildings called tenements 2.Health;urban crowding helped spread disease |
| Positive effects of urban growth | 1.New technology 2.Cultural advances 3.politics |
| Social Classes | 1.wealthy lived in mansion(conspicuous consumption) 2.Middle class professionals 3.workers and poor. slums and tenements |
| Urbanization resulted from | Industrialization |
| Industrialization and new building technologies triggered an explosion of urban growth that brought | Social Changes |
| Urban | City |
| Rural | Country |
| Cultural Advances | Museum , theaters,parks.mass-circulation |
| Horatio Algar | "Rags to Riches" |
| Leader Of Knights of labor | Uriah Smith Stephens Terence V.Powderly |
| Leader Of AFL | Samuel Gompers |
| Leader of Railway Workers | Eugene V. Deds |
| Railway Workers | Pullman strike |
| Railway Workers | Railroad strike of 1877 |
| AFL | Bread and butter union |
| AFL | Homestead strike of 1892 |
| Knights of labor | Haymarket square of 1886 |
| The age of invention | Industrialization |
| Munn v. Illinois | states could regulate business affected with a public interest |
| Sherman Antitrust act | outlawed monopolies |
| Henry ford | assembly line and higher wages |
| JP Morgan | finance for railroads and steel |
| JD Rockefeller | oil refining business , used ruthless business method to eliminate competition formed at the first trust |
| Andrew Carnegie | steel industry,sought to control all aspects of steel making using horizontal integration |
| Trust me I am a ... | Monopoly |
| Trusts | Group of corporations under a single board of trustees |
Created by:
zholme54
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