Us History 2 Midterm Review
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| Treaty where the Sioux tribe agreed to live on reservation to attempt to end conflicts between the US and Sioux (Sitting Bull refused to sign) | Treaty of Fort Laramie
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| Hunkpapa Sioux tribe leader who led the resistance against Colonel Custer's army. Refused to sign Treaty of Fort Laramie | Sitting Bull
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| US Colonel that reported gold on Black Hills, fought against Sioux and Cheyenne tribes where tribes surrendered (his last stand) | George A. Custer
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| US attempt to assimilate ("Americanize") natives. Broke up reservations and gave some land to natives and rest to settlers | Dawes Act
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| A massacre of the natives by the US Seventh Cavalry that brought an end to the native war effort | Battle of Wounded Knee
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| Trail from San Antonio, TX to Kansas that helped ship cattle across plains | Chisholm Trail
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| Agreement passed by Congress that offered 160 acres of free land to any citizen who was head of household, caused people to settle west | Homestead Act
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| African-Americans who moved form post-Reconstruction South to Kansas, many settlers of the Homestead Act | Exodusters
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| Sod home made of blocks/turf from nature (houses in the West) | Soddy
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| Agreement that gave federal land to the states to help finance agricultural colleges and support farmers | Morril Act
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| Enormous single-crop farms created by railroad companies and investors to raise more crops, caused farmers to go into debt | Bonanza Farms
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| Starter of Patrons of Husbandry to provide a social outlet and education for isolated farm families | Oliver Hudson Kelley
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| Patrons of Husbandry organization for isolated farm families which tried to fight against railroads | Grange
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| An organization of farmers that taught farmers about having lower debts to railroads | Farmers' Alliance
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| A movement of people on which the People's Party was formed, supported by farmers to help the common man | Populism
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| Monetary system where the government would give citizens gold or silver in exchange for paper currency | Bimetallism
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| Backing of dollars solely with gold, supported by Republicans | Gold Standard
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| Republican Party nomination for president that believed in gold standard | William McKinley
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| Democrat nomination for president backed by Populists | William Jennings Bryan
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| Successfully used steam engine to drill for oil in Pennsylvania, started oil boom that spread west) | Edwin L. Drake
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| Injecting air into molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities | Bessemer Process
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| Pioneer on new industrial frontier when he established first research lab in Menlo Park, NJ | Thomas Edison
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| Invented the typewriter | Christopher Scholes
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| Invented the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell
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| Railroad linking Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean | Transcontinental Railroad
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| Built town for factory workers for manufacturing railroad cars on Illinois prairie | George Pullman
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| Construction company created by stockholders to lay track at two/three times actual cost and gave profits to politicians for bribe | Credit Mobilier
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| Court case where states won right to regulate railroads for benefit of farmers and other consumers | Munn v. Illinois
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| Reestablished right of federal government to supervise railroad activities and establish ICC | Interstate Commerce Act
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| Process in which Carnegie bought out his suppliers in order to control the raw materials and transportation system | Vertical Integration
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| Process in which Carnegie merged with companies creating similar products to control almost the entire steel industry | Horizontal Integration
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| Charles Darwin's theory used by Herburt Spencer to explain evolution of human society | Social Darwinism
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| Standard Oil Company founder that joined with competing companies to rule the market | John D. Rockefeller
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| Made it illegal to form trusts that interfered with free trade between states and other countries | Sherman Antitrust Act
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| Led Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions | Samuel Gompers
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| Union that focused on collective bargaining between representatives of labor and management to reach agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions | American Federation of Labor
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| Attempted to form industrial union (American Railway Union) | Eugene V. Debs
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| Group of radical unionists and socialists in Chicago only won one major strike victory | Industrial Workers of the World
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| Organizer in woman's labor movement supported the Great Strike and organized United Mine Workers of America | Marry Harris Jones
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| Immigration stations where people to America had to pass inspection to be allowed into New York | Ellis Island
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| West coast immigration station in San Francisco Bay | Angel Island
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| Banned entry to all Chinese into America except students, teachers, merchants, tourists and government officials | Chinese Exclusion Act
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| Japan government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers into US in exchange for repeal of San Francisco segregation order | Gentleman's Agreement
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| Multifamily urban dwellings; overcrowded and unsanitary | Tenements
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| Transportation systems designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes | Mass Transit
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| Movement that preached salvation through service to poor | Social Gospel Movement
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| Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area | Settlement houses
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| One of the most influential members of the Social Gospel Movement; founded Hull House in Chicago | Jane Addams
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| Organized group that controlled activities of a political party in a city | Political Machine
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| Illegal use of political influence for personal gain | Graft
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| Head of Tammany Hall- NYC's powerful Democratic political machine | Boss Tweed
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| The giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected | Patronage
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| Republican president that couldn't convince Congress to support civil service reform | Rutherford B. Hayes
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| President and reformer was assassinated | James A. Garfield
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| Garfield's vice-president that led reforms after the death of Garfield | Chester A. Arthur
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| Authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates performance on exam | Pendleton Civil Service Act
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| President that tried to lower tariff rates but Congress refused to support him | Grover Cleveland
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| President signed McKinley Tariff Act that raised tariffs on manufactured goods | Benjamin Harisson
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| Architect that designed Wainwright Building that became the new breed of skyscraper | Louis Sullivan
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| Designed Flatiron Building | Daniel Burnham
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| Landscape architect headed movement for planned urban parks | Frederick Law Olmsted
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| Developed series of more convenient film for cameras; introduced Kodak camera | George Eastman
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| African-American educator that believed racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society; headed Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute | Booker T. Washington
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| School aimed to equip African-Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills | Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
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| First African-American to receive doctorate from Harvard; founded Niagara Movement, disagreed with Booker T. Washington | W.E.B. Du Bois
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| Movement that insisted that blacks should seek liberal arts education to achieve equality | Niagara Movement
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| Annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote | Poll Tax
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| Even if a man failed the literacy test/ couldn't afford poll tax, he was still entitled to vote if father/grandfather was eligible to vote before 1867 (before freed slaves could vote) | Grandfather Clause
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| Segregation laws in Southern states | Jim Crow Laws
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| Supreme Court case that ruled that separation of races in public was legal and didn't violate 14th Amendment if all groups received equal facilities | Plessy v. Ferguson
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| System that bound laborers into slavery to work off debt to employer | Debt peonage
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| Pioneered popular newspaper innovations: Sunday edition, comics, sports coverage, woman's news | Joseph Pulitzer
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| Owned newspaper that tried to outdo Pulitzer's by filling it with exaggerated tales | William Randolph Hearst
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| Art school led by Eakin's student Robert Henri | Ashcan School
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| Post Office system that brought packages directly to every home | Rural Free Delivery
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| Movement aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life | Progressive Movement
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| Became advocate for improving the lives of women and children, helped pass Illinois Factory Act | Florence Kelley
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| Journalists that wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulating magazines | Muckrakers
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| Served 3 terms as governor of Wisconsin, became US Senator, taxed railroad at same rate as other businesses, set up commission, forbade free passes to state officials to regulate big business | Robert M. La Follette
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| Bill originated by the people | Initiative
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| Vote on the initiative | Referendum
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| Enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election | Recall
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| Made direction election of Senators law | 17th Amendment
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| All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States amendment | 14th Amendment
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| Right to vote for citizens amendment | 15th Amendment
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| Prohibition Amendment | 18th Amendment
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| Right to vote for women amendment | 19th Amendment
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| Income Tax Amendment | 16th Amendment
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| NACW helped educate colored children | National Association of Colored Women
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| Leader of woman suffrage founded NWSA | Susan B. Anthony
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| NAWSA started by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton for women suffrage | National American Woman Suffrage Association
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| Muckraking journalist that wrote The Jungle | Upton Sinclair
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| Various progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt administration | Square Deal
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| Roosevelt's act that dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created federal meat inspection | Meat Inspection Act
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| Halted sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling | Pure Food and Drug Act
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| Some wilderness areas would be preserved while others would be developed for the common good | Conservation
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| NAACP aimed for equality among races | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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| Act that made it illegal for railroads to give and for shippers to receive rebates for using particular railroads | Elkins Act
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| Act limited distribution of free railroad passes, gave ICC power to set max railroad rates | Hepburn Act
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| Head of US Forest Service believed wilderness areas could be scientifically managed to yield public enjoyment while allowing private development | Gifford Pinchot
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| Secretary of war picked by Roosevelt to run against William Jennings Bryan for president | William Howard Taft
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| Compromise that moderated high rates of Aldrich Bill signed by Taft | Payne Aldrich Tariff
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| New name of Progressive Party | Bull Moose Party
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| Democrat candidate for president against Taft and Roosevelt | Woodrow Wilson
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| NAWSA president | Carrie Chapman Catt
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| Act sought to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act; prohibited corporations form acquiring the stock of another to create a monopoly | Clayton Antitrust Act
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| Had power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, require reports from corporations, put end to unfair business practices | Federal Trade Commission
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| 70% of nation's banking resources served as basis of nation's banking system | Federal Reserve System
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| Admiral of US Navy urged gov officials to build up US naval power to compete with other nations | Alfred T. Mahan
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| Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson arranged for US to buy Alaska from Russia | William Seward
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| US base for refueling station for US ships in Hawaii | Pearl Harbor
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| Headed government in Hawaii and refused to give up power | Sanford B. Dole
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| Led revolt in Cuba used guerrilla campaign | Jose Marti
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| Sent to Cuba from Spain to restore order in Cuba, put people in concentration camps | General Valeriano Weyler
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| Gave command to open fore on Spanish at Manila in Philippines | Commodore George Dewey
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| Blockaded Cuba and Spanish fleet in Cuba | William T. Sampson
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| Signed to end Spanish-American War, gave Cuba freedom, gave Puerto Rico and Guam to US and Philippines were sold to US for $20 million | Treaty of Paris
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| Ended military rule and set up civil government in Puerto Rico | Foraker Act
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| Amendment to Cuba constitution to deal with how Cuba would associate with US | Platt Amendment
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| Country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power | Protectorate
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| Believed US had promised Filipino independence, fought in Philippine-American War | Emilio Aguinaldo
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| US Secretary of State issued Open Door notes | John Hay
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| Letters addressed to leaders of imperialist nations proposing that nations share trading rights with US | Open Door Notes
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| fight in China where imperialist nations fought Chinese who wanted to get rid of foreigners | Boxer Rebellion
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| Added to Monroe Doctrine said US would use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America | Roosevelt Corollary
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| Policy of using US gov to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by US businesspeople | Dollar Diplomacy
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| Mexican rebel leaders who opposed Carranza's provisional government | Francisco "Pancho" Villa and Emiliano Zapata
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| Ordered to capture Villa by US and failed | John J Pershing
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