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US History 2 Midterm
Us History 2 Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Treaty where the Sioux tribe agreed to live on reservation to attempt to end conflicts between the US and Sioux (Sitting Bull refused to sign) | Treaty of Fort Laramie |
| Hunkpapa Sioux tribe leader who led the resistance against Colonel Custer's army. Refused to sign Treaty of Fort Laramie | Sitting Bull |
| US Colonel that reported gold on Black Hills, fought against Sioux and Cheyenne tribes where tribes surrendered (his last stand) | George A. Custer |
| US attempt to assimilate ("Americanize") natives. Broke up reservations and gave some land to natives and rest to settlers | Dawes Act |
| A massacre of the natives by the US Seventh Cavalry that brought an end to the native war effort | Battle of Wounded Knee |
| Trail from San Antonio, TX to Kansas that helped ship cattle across plains | Chisholm Trail |
| Agreement passed by Congress that offered 160 acres of free land to any citizen who was head of household, caused people to settle west | Homestead Act |
| African-Americans who moved form post-Reconstruction South to Kansas, many settlers of the Homestead Act | Exodusters |
| Sod home made of blocks/turf from nature (houses in the West) | Soddy |
| Agreement that gave federal land to the states to help finance agricultural colleges and support farmers | Morril Act |
| Enormous single-crop farms created by railroad companies and investors to raise more crops, caused farmers to go into debt | Bonanza Farms |
| Starter of Patrons of Husbandry to provide a social outlet and education for isolated farm families | Oliver Hudson Kelley |
| Patrons of Husbandry organization for isolated farm families which tried to fight against railroads | Grange |
| An organization of farmers that taught farmers about having lower debts to railroads | Farmers' Alliance |
| A movement of people on which the People's Party was formed, supported by farmers to help the common man | Populism |
| Monetary system where the government would give citizens gold or silver in exchange for paper currency | Bimetallism |
| Backing of dollars solely with gold, supported by Republicans | Gold Standard |
| Republican Party nomination for president that believed in gold standard | William McKinley |
| Democrat nomination for president backed by Populists | William Jennings Bryan |
| Successfully used steam engine to drill for oil in Pennsylvania, started oil boom that spread west) | Edwin L. Drake |
| Injecting air into molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities | Bessemer Process |
| Pioneer on new industrial frontier when he established first research lab in Menlo Park, NJ | Thomas Edison |
| Invented the typewriter | Christopher Scholes |
| Invented the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| Railroad linking Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean | Transcontinental Railroad |
| Built town for factory workers for manufacturing railroad cars on Illinois prairie | George Pullman |
| Construction company created by stockholders to lay track at two/three times actual cost and gave profits to politicians for bribe | Credit Mobilier |
| Court case where states won right to regulate railroads for benefit of farmers and other consumers | Munn v. Illinois |
| Reestablished right of federal government to supervise railroad activities and establish ICC | Interstate Commerce Act |
| Process in which Carnegie bought out his suppliers in order to control the raw materials and transportation system | Vertical Integration |
| Process in which Carnegie merged with companies creating similar products to control almost the entire steel industry | Horizontal Integration |
| Charles Darwin's theory used by Herburt Spencer to explain evolution of human society | Social Darwinism |
| Standard Oil Company founder that joined with competing companies to rule the market | John D. Rockefeller |
| Made it illegal to form trusts that interfered with free trade between states and other countries | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| Led Cigar Makers' International Union to join with other craft unions | Samuel Gompers |
| Union that focused on collective bargaining between representatives of labor and management to reach agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions | American Federation of Labor |
| Attempted to form industrial union (American Railway Union) | Eugene V. Debs |
| Group of radical unionists and socialists in Chicago only won one major strike victory | Industrial Workers of the World |
| Organizer in woman's labor movement supported the Great Strike and organized United Mine Workers of America | Marry Harris Jones |
| Immigration stations where people to America had to pass inspection to be allowed into New York | Ellis Island |
| West coast immigration station in San Francisco Bay | Angel Island |
| Banned entry to all Chinese into America except students, teachers, merchants, tourists and government officials | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| Japan government agreed to limit emigration of unskilled workers into US in exchange for repeal of San Francisco segregation order | Gentleman's Agreement |
| Multifamily urban dwellings; overcrowded and unsanitary | Tenements |
| Transportation systems designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes | Mass Transit |
| Movement that preached salvation through service to poor | Social Gospel Movement |
| Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance to people in the area | Settlement houses |
| One of the most influential members of the Social Gospel Movement; founded Hull House in Chicago | Jane Addams |
| Organized group that controlled activities of a political party in a city | Political Machine |
| Illegal use of political influence for personal gain | Graft |
| Head of Tammany Hall- NYC's powerful Democratic political machine | Boss Tweed |
| The giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected | Patronage |
| Republican president that couldn't convince Congress to support civil service reform | Rutherford B. Hayes |
| President and reformer was assassinated | James A. Garfield |
| Garfield's vice-president that led reforms after the death of Garfield | Chester A. Arthur |
| Authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidates performance on exam | Pendleton Civil Service Act |
| President that tried to lower tariff rates but Congress refused to support him | Grover Cleveland |
| President signed McKinley Tariff Act that raised tariffs on manufactured goods | Benjamin Harisson |
| Architect that designed Wainwright Building that became the new breed of skyscraper | Louis Sullivan |
| Designed Flatiron Building | Daniel Burnham |
| Landscape architect headed movement for planned urban parks | Frederick Law Olmsted |
| Developed series of more convenient film for cameras; introduced Kodak camera | George Eastman |
| African-American educator that believed racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society; headed Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute | Booker T. Washington |
| School aimed to equip African-Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills | Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute |
| First African-American to receive doctorate from Harvard; founded Niagara Movement, disagreed with Booker T. Washington | W.E.B. Du Bois |
| Movement that insisted that blacks should seek liberal arts education to achieve equality | Niagara Movement |
| Annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote | Poll Tax |
| Even if a man failed the literacy test/ couldn't afford poll tax, he was still entitled to vote if father/grandfather was eligible to vote before 1867 (before freed slaves could vote) | Grandfather Clause |
| Segregation laws in Southern states | Jim Crow Laws |
| Supreme Court case that ruled that separation of races in public was legal and didn't violate 14th Amendment if all groups received equal facilities | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| System that bound laborers into slavery to work off debt to employer | Debt peonage |
| Pioneered popular newspaper innovations: Sunday edition, comics, sports coverage, woman's news | Joseph Pulitzer |
| Owned newspaper that tried to outdo Pulitzer's by filling it with exaggerated tales | William Randolph Hearst |
| Art school led by Eakin's student Robert Henri | Ashcan School |
| Post Office system that brought packages directly to every home | Rural Free Delivery |
| Movement aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life | Progressive Movement |
| Became advocate for improving the lives of women and children, helped pass Illinois Factory Act | Florence Kelley |
| Journalists that wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulating magazines | Muckrakers |
| Served 3 terms as governor of Wisconsin, became US Senator, taxed railroad at same rate as other businesses, set up commission, forbade free passes to state officials to regulate big business | Robert M. La Follette |
| Bill originated by the people | Initiative |
| Vote on the initiative | Referendum |
| Enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election | Recall |
| Made direction election of Senators law | 17th Amendment |
| All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States amendment | 14th Amendment |
| Right to vote for citizens amendment | 15th Amendment |
| Prohibition Amendment | 18th Amendment |
| Right to vote for women amendment | 19th Amendment |
| Income Tax Amendment | 16th Amendment |
| NACW helped educate colored children | National Association of Colored Women |
| Leader of woman suffrage founded NWSA | Susan B. Anthony |
| NAWSA started by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton for women suffrage | National American Woman Suffrage Association |
| Muckraking journalist that wrote The Jungle | Upton Sinclair |
| Various progressive reforms sponsored by the Roosevelt administration | Square Deal |
| Roosevelt's act that dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created federal meat inspection | Meat Inspection Act |
| Halted sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling | Pure Food and Drug Act |
| Some wilderness areas would be preserved while others would be developed for the common good | Conservation |
| NAACP aimed for equality among races | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| Act that made it illegal for railroads to give and for shippers to receive rebates for using particular railroads | Elkins Act |
| Act limited distribution of free railroad passes, gave ICC power to set max railroad rates | Hepburn Act |
| Head of US Forest Service believed wilderness areas could be scientifically managed to yield public enjoyment while allowing private development | Gifford Pinchot |
| Secretary of war picked by Roosevelt to run against William Jennings Bryan for president | William Howard Taft |
| Compromise that moderated high rates of Aldrich Bill signed by Taft | Payne Aldrich Tariff |
| New name of Progressive Party | Bull Moose Party |
| Democrat candidate for president against Taft and Roosevelt | Woodrow Wilson |
| NAWSA president | Carrie Chapman Catt |
| Act sought to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act; prohibited corporations form acquiring the stock of another to create a monopoly | Clayton Antitrust Act |
| Had power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, require reports from corporations, put end to unfair business practices | Federal Trade Commission |
| 70% of nation's banking resources served as basis of nation's banking system | Federal Reserve System |
| Admiral of US Navy urged gov officials to build up US naval power to compete with other nations | Alfred T. Mahan |
| Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson arranged for US to buy Alaska from Russia | William Seward |
| US base for refueling station for US ships in Hawaii | Pearl Harbor |
| Headed government in Hawaii and refused to give up power | Sanford B. Dole |
| Led revolt in Cuba used guerrilla campaign | Jose Marti |
| Sent to Cuba from Spain to restore order in Cuba, put people in concentration camps | General Valeriano Weyler |
| Gave command to open fore on Spanish at Manila in Philippines | Commodore George Dewey |
| Blockaded Cuba and Spanish fleet in Cuba | William T. Sampson |
| Signed to end Spanish-American War, gave Cuba freedom, gave Puerto Rico and Guam to US and Philippines were sold to US for $20 million | Treaty of Paris |
| Ended military rule and set up civil government in Puerto Rico | Foraker Act |
| Amendment to Cuba constitution to deal with how Cuba would associate with US | Platt Amendment |
| Country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power | Protectorate |
| Believed US had promised Filipino independence, fought in Philippine-American War | Emilio Aguinaldo |
| US Secretary of State issued Open Door notes | John Hay |
| Letters addressed to leaders of imperialist nations proposing that nations share trading rights with US | Open Door Notes |
| fight in China where imperialist nations fought Chinese who wanted to get rid of foreigners | Boxer Rebellion |
| Added to Monroe Doctrine said US would use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America | Roosevelt Corollary |
| Policy of using US gov to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by US businesspeople | Dollar Diplomacy |
| Mexican rebel leaders who opposed Carranza's provisional government | Francisco "Pancho" Villa and Emiliano Zapata |
| Ordered to capture Villa by US and failed | John J Pershing |
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