BIO201 - Ch 9 - Muscles & Muscle Tissue - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
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| show | Nearly half
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| show | Ability to change ATP into directed mechanical energy.
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| There are __ types of muscle tissue. Name them. | show 🗑
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| Origin | show 🗑
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| show | Other side of muscle attached to bone that moves most.
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| show | Working together.
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| show | Works in opposition.
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| show | Globular protein that can contract.
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| show | Protein with two heads & a tail.
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| Skeletal & smooth muscle cells - not cardiac - are elongated & called __. | show 🗑
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| Muscle contraction depends on two kinds of __. | show 🗑
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| Meaning of prvixes "myo" or "mys". | show 🗑
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| Meaning of prefix "sarco" | show 🗑
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| show | Plasma membrane of muscle fibers.
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| Sarcoplasm | show 🗑
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| Organs that attach to & cover bony skeleton. | show 🗑
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| Longest muscle cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Skeletal, striated, & voluntary.
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| Which muscle can contract rapidly, but tires easily? | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac, striated, involuntary.
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| What usually sets the steady rate of heart beats? | show 🗑
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| show | Neural controls
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| show | Force fluids & etc through body channels.
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| Keywords for smooth muscles? | show 🗑
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| show | Smooth muscle tissue.
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| show | Excitability, responsiveness, contractility, extensibility & elasticity.
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| show | Ability to receive & respond to a stimulus.
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| Give an example of excitability. | show 🗑
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| Which function characteristic sets muscle apart from all other tissue types? | show 🗑
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| show | The ability to be stretched or extended.
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| 4 important functions performed by muscles. | show 🗑
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| When do muscles generate heat? | show 🗑
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| show | They form valves to regulate substance passage.
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| show | By enclosure.
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| List the 6 levels of organization of skeletal muscles. | show 🗑
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| Each skeletal muscle is a descrete __. | show 🗑
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| In general, each muscle is served by __. | show 🗑
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| show | Nerve ending that controls its activity.
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| Individual muscle fibers are wrapped & held together by several different __. | show 🗑
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| What prevents bulging muscles from bursting during exceptionally strong contractions? | show 🗑
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| Endomysium surrounds what? | show 🗑
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| show | Areolar & reticular fibers.
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| Endomysium-wrapped muscle fibers are grouped into __. | show 🗑
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| What fibrous CT surrounds each fascicle? | show 🗑
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| show | Whole muscle.
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| show | A dense "overcoat" of dense, irregular CT surrounding whole muscle.
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| Epimysium sometimes blends with what? | show 🗑
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| When muscle fibers contract, they pull on __ which transmits pulling force to the bone to be moved. | show 🗑
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| What are the "series elastic components?" | show 🗑
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| show | Bundled myosin molecules.
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| show | Actin molecules.
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| show | Elastic filaments.
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| Which molecule of the myofilament has "heads"? | show 🗑
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| What is a segment of a myofibril called? | show 🗑
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| What is the contractile unit of a muscle? | show 🗑
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| A myofibril or "fibril" is composed of ? | show 🗑
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| Complex organelle composed of myofilament bundles. | show 🗑
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| show | Muscle fiber.
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| show | Endomysium.
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| show | A fascile.
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| Consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells. | show 🗑
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| show | Proximal
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| Muscle attachments may be __ or __. | show 🗑
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| show | The muscle epimysium is fused to the periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage.
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| In indirect attachments __. | show 🗑
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| show | CT covering bone or cartilage or fascia of other muscles.
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| Which type of muscle attachment is more common & why? | show 🗑
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| show | Space
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| Compared to other cells, the diameter of a muscle cell is __ larger. | show 🗑
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| Each muscle cell is produced by the fusion of __. | show 🗑
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| The sarcoplasm of muscle fiber contains unusual amounts of __. | show 🗑
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| Myoglobin | show 🗑
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| Each muscle fiber contains 100-1000's of rod-like __. | show 🗑
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| show | 80%
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| show | Dark A bands & light I bands.
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| show | Helle - "bright" zone - lighter stripe in middle of A band.
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| show | "Middle" line - a dark line that bisects H zone.
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| Z line or Z disc | show 🗑
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| show | Sarcomeres.
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| show | Thick
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| show | Thin
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| show | Orderly arrangement of myofilaments.
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| The Z disc is composed largely of __. | show 🗑
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| show | Intermediate (desmin) filaments at Z disc.
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| The H zone of A band appear less dense why? | show 🗑
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| The M line in center of H zone is darker why? | show 🗑
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| Myofilaments are connected to sarcolemma at __ & the __. | show 🗑
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| show | 6 thin filaments.
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| show | Three thick filaments.
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| Each mysoin molecule has __. | show 🗑
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| Each myosin tail consists of __. | show 🗑
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| show | Thick & thin filaments together - crossbridges.
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| During contraction, globular heads __ around their point of attachment. | show 🗑
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| Cross bridges act as __ to generate tension. | show 🗑
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| Each thick filament contains about __ myosin molecules. | show 🗑
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| show | Tropmyosin Molecules
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| The heads of myosin contain __ enzymes. | show 🗑
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| show | Globular (G) actin, Fibrous (F) actin.
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| show | Tropomyosin
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| __ is a 3-polypeptide complex involved in myosin-actin contraction interactions. | show 🗑
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| The elastic filament is made of the protein __. | show 🗑
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| Which filament holds the thick filament in place & assists muscle cell to spring back into shape? | show 🗑
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| Sliding filament model | show 🗑
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| show | (1) Dephosphorylation of creatine phosphate,(2) glycolysis, (3) aerobic respiration.
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| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) | show 🗑
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| T tubules | show 🗑
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| T tubules occur where? | show 🗑
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| show | Titin
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| show | The giant protein titin.
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| What protein links the thin filaments to the integral proteins of the sarcolemma? | show 🗑
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| show | The sarcoplasmic reticulum & T tubules.
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| The perpendicular cross channels of the SR are __. | show 🗑
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| The major role of the SR is to __. | show 🗑
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| show | Structure formed by a T tubule w/a SR cisterna on either side. They form the excitation-contraction coupling.
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| show | Terminal cisterna, T tubule, Terminal cisterna
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| show | Nerve-initiated electrical impulses that travel along the sarcolemma.
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| T tubules are continuations of the __. | show 🗑
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| T tubules conduct impulses to the __ & to every __. | show 🗑
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| show | Contracts
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| show | DHP receptors
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| DHP receptors act as __. | show 🗑
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| show | Form channels so Ca 2+ can be released from SR cisternae.
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| Contraction refers to __. | show 🗑
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| Shortening occurs when __ generated by cross bridges exceeds the __. | show 🗑
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| In relaxed muscle fiber, thin-thick overlap is minimal & occurs __. | show 🗑
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| show | Myosin heads/myosin binding sites on actin.
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| show | Toward
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| show | H zone
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| Which bands do not change their length during contraction? | show 🗑
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| show | SR - it is a Ca storage depot.
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| show | Sarcolemma - causes rise in Ca ion levels.
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| Somatic motor neurons activate __. | show 🗑
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| Ending of motor neuron axon forms curling branches w/muscle fiber & is called __ | show 🗑
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| As a rule, each muscle has only one __ located midway along the fiber's length. | show 🗑
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| The __ is teh space separating the axon terminal & muscle fiber. | show 🗑
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| __ are small sacs at axon terminals that contain acetylcholine. | show 🗑
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| The __ or junctional folds in the sarcolemma help form neuromuscular junctions & provide large surface area for ACh receptors. | show 🗑
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| ACh receptors are located where? | show 🗑
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| What happens when impulse reaches end of axon? | show 🗑
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| show | Release of ACh into synaptic cleft by exocytosis.
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| show | Sarcolemma, where the receptors are.
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| show | Destruction of ACh by acetylocholinesterase enzyme.
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| show | ACh receptors - muscle weakness.
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| show | Invaginations
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| show | Chemically (ligand) gated ion channes. - Both Na+ & K+
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| show | When interior of sarcolemma becomes slightly less negative as Na+ & K+ diffuse out.
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| show | Local depolarization
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| 3 Steps of action potential across sarcolemma | show 🗑
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| show | Repolarization
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| During repolarization, muscle fiber is said to be in __. | show 🗑
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