The Ear
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| What are the 3 principle regions of the ear | External ear, middle ear, Inner ear
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| auricle | EXTERNAL EAR. Gathers sound
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| External auditory meatus | EXTERNAL EAR. s-shaped tube. Outer 2/3 cartilage, Inner 1/3 = Bone
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| Why is the external auditory meatus a certain shape | S-shape discourages things from flying in.
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| Purpose of hair and glands in ear | collect dust
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| cerumenous glands | secrete wax to repel insects
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| cerumen | ear wax. sticky and unpleasant odor
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| otitis externa | "swimmers ear". Inflammation of the external acoustic meatus due to an accumulation of bacteria
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| Tympanic membrane | EXTERNAL EAR. ear drum. Separates outer ear from middle ear
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| What are the three layers of the tympanic membrane | outer - modified skin.
middle - fibrous.
inner - mucous
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| How can you see the tympanic membrane? | Pull auricle posterior and superior
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| Why would you want to look at the tympanic membrane? | You can see through it into the middle ear to view the bone (malleus) and see if fluid is present
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| Where is the tympanic cavity located? | In the middle ear
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| Another name for the Auditory tube | eustachian tube
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| Auditory/Eustachian tube location | connects middle ear with the nasal pharynx
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| Otitis media | Middle ear infection. -Auditory/Eustachian tube is horizontal in children and bacteria can easily travel from the nasal pharynx to the middle ear
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| What are the ossicles of the middle ear | Malleus, Incus, Stapes
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| Malleus | "hammer". Connected to the tympanic membrane
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| Incus | "anvil". In between the malleus and stapes
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| stapes | "stirrup" connected to the beginning of the inner ear (oval window)
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| Where are the structures for hearing and equilibrium located? | in the structures of the inner ear
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| What are the 2 portions of the "labyrinth"? | outer bony and inner membranous
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| Cochlea | "snail part" of inner ear
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| Where are perilymph and endolymph found? | As part of the cochlea
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| Perilymph | fluid outside membranous tube of cochlea
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| endolymph | fluid inside membranous tube of cochlea. Allows the tube to float
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| Organ of corti | INNER EAR. Allows for "hearing". Inside tubes of cochlea. Hair cells move and send electrical impulse to brain.
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| Auditory pathway | sound->tympanic membrane->stapes->hit oval window->hit membrane->fluid produce waves->hair cells &organ of corti move->electrical impulse->CN VIII->nucleus of VIII in medulla->thalamus->temporal lobe
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| Vestibular apparatus | Equilibrium
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| semicicular canals | (3) Sense dynamic equilibrium
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| utricle and saccule | sense static equilibrium
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| dynamic equilibrium | movement
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| static equilibrium | position of head
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