Nemitz-Head ANS
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| Presynaptic Sympathetic fibers to the Head and neck come from | IML T1-T5
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| Presynaptic sympathetic axon pathways to get up to the neck | IML, Anterior root, white rami communicans, paravertebral sympathetic chain, move upwards into cervical region.
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| Superior Cervical ganglia is made up of what | The sympathetic ganglia from C1-4 all grouped together. This is the largest ganglia, does the head.
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| How do postsynaptic sympathetic axons travel to their target organ? | On Blood vessels such as Periarterial plexus (carotids). Also use CN V
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| End organs of the Superior Cervical ganglia | 1.Dilator pupillae M (dilates pupil, CN V).
2.Superior Tarsal M (elevates eyelid, CN V).
3.Blood vessels (Vasoconstriction).
4.Sweat glands (diaphoresis).
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| Horner's Syndrome | Produced by a lesion anywhere in the sympathetic pathway to the head. Symptoms will be ipsilateral of the lesion and reverse the normal sympathetic effects.
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| Pathways of Postsynpatic Cervical sympathetic Ganglia axons | After synapsing, they leave the sympathetic chain via GREY RAMI communicanas onto spinal nerves. Actions: Blood vessel constriction, Diaphoresis.
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| Presynaptic neurons of the Parasympathetics for the head and neck | Cells are in the Brainstem. Axons travel to target ganglia on CN
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| Pathway of Ciliary ganglia parasympathetics | Brainstem > Presynp axons: CN III > Postsynp nucleus: Ciliary Ganglion > Postsynp axons: CN V1 (short ciliary N)
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| Targets of Ciliary parasympathetic ganglia | 1.Sphincter Pupallae M (constricts the pupil).
2.Ciliary Body (Provides Accommodation)
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| Accomodatoin | Allows the eye to quickly adjust from near to far or far to near and stay in focus.
**Decreases with age.
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| Pathways of Pterygopalatine Ganglion parasympathetics | Brainstem > Presynp axons: CN VII > Nervus intermedius > Greater Petrosal N > N to Pterygoid > Postsynp nucleus: Pterygopalatine ganglion > postsynp axons: CN V1 and V2
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| Targets of Pterygopalatine parasympathetic Ganglion | 1.Lacrimal gland (keeps the eye moist with tears).
2.Mucous Glands/membranes in Naso/oropharynx and sinuses
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| Pathways of Submandibular Ganglion parasympathetics | Presynp nucleus: Brainstem > presynp axons: CN VII > Nervus Intermedius > Chondra Tympani > Lingual > Postsynp nucleus: Submandibular ganglion > Postsynp axons: CN V3 (Lingual N) and blood vessels
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| Targets of the Submandibular parasympathetic Ganglion | 1.Submandibular gland.
2.Sublingual gland.
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| Lesion/severed Chondra Tympani | Loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue and salivary gland activity
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| Locations of the CN VII ganglia | Pterygopalatine: (Pterygopalatine fossa, just superioposterior to nasal conchae after the foramen rotundum). Submandibular: (superior to submandibular gland
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| Pathway of Otic ganglion parasympathetics | Presynp Nucleus: Brainstem > Presynp axons: CN IX > Tympanic N > Lesser Petrosal N > Postsynp nucleus: Otic ganglion > postsynp axons: CN V3 Auriculotemporal N
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| Targets and location of Otic parasympathetic ganglion | Located just inferior to foramen ovale. Targets: Parotid gland.
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| CN V branches carrying postsynp parasympathetic pterygopalatine axons | 1. CN V2 (Zygomatic N to the lacrimal gland, Palatine N to palate and nosal mucous membranes).
2.CN V1 (Lacrimal N to lacrimal gland, Nasal N to the nasopharynx mucous membrane and sinuses)
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| Symp branches using CN V | Superior cervical Ganglion/Periarterial Plexus use V1, V2, and V3 branches
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| Parasymp and symp acting on the Orbit | Parasymp: 1.CN III/Ciliary gnaglion (constrict pupil/ ciliary body). 2.CN VII/Pterygopalatine ganglion (Lacrimal gland).
Sympathetic: Superior cervical ganglion (dilate pupils, elevate eyelids, vasoconstrict).
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| Parasymp and symp acting on the Nasal Cavity | Parasymp: CN VII/pterygopalatine ganglion (mucous membranes, mucous production).
Sympathetic: Superior cervical ganglion (vasoconstriction)
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| Parasymp and symp acting on Parotid gland | Parasymp: CN IX/otic ganglion (parotid salivation).
Sympathetics: Superior cervical ganglion (Reduce secretion, vasoconstrict)
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