Architecture Gloss.
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| Pagoda | Multistoried Chinese or Jap. tower with elaborately projecting roofs at each storey.
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| Palaestra | An ancient Greek or Roman building for athletic training.
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| Palisade | A series of wooden posts with pointed tops set in ground vertically as a fence or fortification.
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| Panoptikon | Building with corridors radiating, and observable, from a central point.
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| Parapet | Low guarding wall at edge of a point of sudden drop, such as a roof, terrace, balcony, or bridge.
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| Pargeting | Exterior plasterwork decorated with low relief designs, often used on late Medieval houses.
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| Parodos | In anc. Greek or Roman theater, one of a pair of side entrances between seats and stage.
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| Parti | In French system of architectural thinking, the basic design concept for a building or group of buildings.
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| Party wall | shared wall on dividing line between two properties
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| Pastas | small room before a larger room in anc. GK architecture
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| Pastophory | In a Christian Church, a room near the apse for receiving the congregation's offerings and for storing the Eucharist.
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| Pavilion | 1.an ornamental building, often a garden. 2. a prominent projecting subdivision of a larger building
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| Pedestal | a support for a column, statue or urn.
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| Pediment | originally the triangular gable end of an ancient greek or roman temple. later, any similar crowning feature over a door or window. Sides may be straight or curved.
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| pendentive | a curving triangular surface or spandrel at the corners of a square or polygonal room that makes a transition from the room shape to a circular dome or its drum.
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| per strigas | an ancient greek system of orthogonal city planning "by bands"
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| periaktoi | in a theater, the revolving, triangular prisms on either side of the stage used for scenery changes
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| peribolos | a wall enclosing a sacred area
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| peripteral | surrounded by a single row of columns
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| peristyle | a roofed, columned porch or colonade surrounding a building or courtyard.
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| piano nobile | the main floor of a house, usually one storey abovethe ground floor
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| picturesque | an aesthetic quality characterized by irregularity, asymmetry, ruggedness, and a variety of texture and form.
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| pier | a solid masonry support opten rectangular or sqaure in plan
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| pilaster | a shallow flattened rectangular column or pier attached to a wall and often modeled on an order
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| piling | a group of piles; large; heavy beams driven into the ground to support a structure
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| pillar | a post or column
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| pilotis | the french term for pillars or stilts that raise and support a building, leaving the ground floor open
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| pise | stiff, packed earth or clay used as a building material
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| plat | 1. a ground plan of a building. 2. a map, chart, or plan of a place
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| plateia | a wide street in ancient greek or roman towns
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| plateresque | a 16th century spanish architectural style characterized by lavish decoration that mixes Gothic, Renaissance, and Moorish motifs.
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| podium | a raised platform or base
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| polis | a city
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| polychromy | architectural decoration using a variety of colors or varicolored materials
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| porch | a covered entranceway to a building
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| portal | a monumental entranceway to a building or courtyard
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| portales | a spanish term for arcade
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| portcullis | a massive, movable defensive grating in a fortified gateway
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| portico | a covered entranceway or porch with columns on one or more sides
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| posa | small domed chapels at the corners of an atrio
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| post and beam (lintel) | a contruction system using vertical supports spanned by horizontal beams
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| postern | 1. an inconspicuous minor door or gate 2. the tunnel underneath a city's defenses leading to a secret rear entrance
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| program | a building's uses or activities
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| pronaos | the vestibule of an ancient greek or roman temple with side walls and a row of columns along the front
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| propylaia | a monumental entranceway to a sacred enclosure
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| propylon | an ancient egyptian freestanding monumental gateway before the pylon of a temple
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| proscenium | the stage of an ancient greek or roman theater
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| prostyle | having a row of columns before only one face of a building
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| prytaneion | the public hall in an ancient greek city that housed the sacred hearth and where official and public guests were entertained
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| pseudoperipteral | a building with freestanding columns along its front and engaged columns along its back and sides
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| pylon | the monumental entrance to an ancient egyptian temple
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| quad | a rectangular courtyard enclosed by buildings
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| quoin | one of a series of stones or bricks used to mark the corners of a building, often through the contrast of size, shape and color
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| rafter | one of a series of sloping beams supporting a pitched roof
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| ramma | in trad. japanese arch., a pierced decorative panel between the ceiling and a sliding door frame
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| rampart | a fortification wall
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| ravelin | a freestanding fortification wall, with 2 enbankments that make a projecting angle, placed between a curtain wall and a main ditch
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| refectory | the eating hall in a religious or secular institution
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| relief | carved or embossed decoration raised above a background plain
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| reredos | a decorative screen or wall, of wood or stone, behind an alter serving as a frame for carved or painted religious figures
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| respond | a pilaster or engaged half pier that supports an arch or a vault rib.
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| retable | a painted or carved altarpiece standing at the back of the altar
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| reveal | on a side of a doorway or window opening, the part visible between the door or glass and the outer wall surface.
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| revetment | a wall-facing or veneer of stone, terracotta, metal, wood, or other material
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| revival | the use of older styles or forms in new architecture
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| rhiad | a patio framed by architecture and used as a compositional unit of a complex
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| rond-point | a french circular plaza on which streets converge
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| rood-screen | the screen, often elaborately carved, that separates the nave from the chancel in a Christian church
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| roof-comb | a wall along the ridge of a roof that makes the roof appear higher
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| rotunda | a round hall or building, usually topped with a dome
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| roundel | a circular window or window pane
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| rustication | the separation or regular masonry blocks by deeply cut, often wedge-shaped grooves
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| sacristy | a room in a Christian church where altar vessels and robes are stored
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| sally-ports | a secret gate of underground passage that links the inner and outer walls of a fortification
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| sanctuary | the area around the principle altar in a Christian church
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| scenae frons | in an ancient roman theater, the decorated front of the scenae, which was the back building behind the stage area
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| scholae | ethnic communities at the vatican in the middle ages
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| section | a drawing of a vertical slice through a building at some imagined plane
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| seigneurie | in the medieval feudal system, a lord's manor consisting of the demesne and the tenements
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| serdab | an ancient egyptian closed statue chamber
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| shaft | the main part of a column, between the base and the capital
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| sharawagi | planned irregularity in a garden or town design
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| sofa | a living room in a turkish home
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| solar | an upper room in a medieval house
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| solea | in early Christian and byzantine churches, the elevated walkway between the raised pulpit or ambo and the raised apse platform for the clergy
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| space-frame | a space-enclosing, three dimensional framework made or interconnected geometric elements
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| spandrel | the triangular area between the sides of two adjacent arches and the line across their tops
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| springing point | the point where the curve of an arch begins
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| spur wall | a short wall that projects at a right angle from a main wall
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| square (piazza, place, plaza) | an open area in a city, usually surrounded by buildings or streets and paved or lanscaped
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| squinch | a small arch or series of gradually wider and projecting concentric arches across the interior corners of a square or polygonal room, forming a trasition from the room shape to a circular dome or drum above.
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| stela | an upright stone slab marking a grave
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| stenopos | a narrow road or alley in an ancient greek city. Called angiportus in Latin
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| stereobate | the foundation or platform on which a building or row of columns is erected
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| stereotomy | the art of cutting stone into shapes and figures
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| stoa | an acient greek long, roofed portico with columns along the front and a wall at the back
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| string-course | a projecting horizontal band across an exterior wall of a building
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| strut | a sloping roof beam at right angles to a pitched roof surface, joining a rafter to a collar beam.
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| stucco | an exterior plaster building finish
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| stupa | a buddhist memorial mound that enshrines relics or marks a sacred site.
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| stylobate | the top or top step of the substructure or platform on which columns stand
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| summerbeam | in timber frame construction, a horizontal beam supporting a floor or wall
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| suq | a linear market street in islamic cities
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| taberna | an ancient roman shop or booth
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| tableros | in meso-american architecture, a rectangular framed panel cantilevered over a sloping wall
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| tablinum | in an ancient roman house a room with one side open to the central courtyard or atrium
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| tatami | a straw floor mat used in jap. arch.
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| temenos | a walled sacred enclosure around an ancient greek altar or temple
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| temple front | a building facade or porch with columns and a pediment that resembles an end of a classical temple
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| tenement | an apartment building
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| tensile strength | strength under tension
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| tension | the force tending to bend, stretch, or pull apart an architectural member
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| tepidarium | the moderately warm room in ancient roman baths
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| terrace | 1. a level embankment top, roof or raised platform adjoining a building, often paved or lanscaped for leisure use. 2. a series of attached houses that form a unit
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| terra-cotta | hard, molded and fired clay used for ornamental wall covering, or roof or floor tile
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| thermae | an ancient roman bath complex
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| tholos | 1. a round, corbel-vaulted Mycenaen tomb. 2. any round ancient greek building
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| thrust | outward or lateral stress on a structure
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| tile hanging | a wall covering of overlapping rows of tiles
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| tongue and groove | a wood-joining method in which a long, slightly projecting tongue of one member fits into the correspondingly shaped, long narrow groove of another member
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| torsion | the force tending to twist and architectural member
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| tou-kung | in chinese arch., a cantilevered bracket or cluster of brackets used to support a roof
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| trabeation | contruction using upright posts and horizontal lintels
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| tracery | a pattern of curvilinear, perforated ornament within the upper part of a medieval window or screen
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| transept | the transverse arms of a cross shaped church
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| transom | a horizontal bar across a window
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| travertine | a type of limestone
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| tribune | 1. the apse of a church 2. the gallery in a church
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| triforium | in a medieval christian church, a shallow arcaded passageway opening onto the nave above the nave arcade and below the clerestory
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| triglyph | a vertically grooved block between the metopes in a doric frieze
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| trivium | a place where three roads converge
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| truss | a rigid framework made of small triangular members and designed to span an opening
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| tufa | a porous gray volcanic building stone
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| tumulus | an earth or stone mound over a grave
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| tympanum | the segmented space enclosed by the lintel or beam over a doorway and the arch above it
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| vestibule | an anteroom to a larger hall
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| viaduct | a series of arches supporting a road or railway
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| vihara | an Indian buddhist monastery
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| villa | a country house, sometimes including its outbuildings and gardens
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| volume | the amount of space occupied by a three demensional object
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| volute | a spiral or scroll
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| voussoir | a wedge shaped block that is one of the units in an arch or vault
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| wattle and daub | a construction system using woven branches and twigs plastered over with mud as filling between the larger members of a wooden frame
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| weatherboarding | overlapping horizontal boards used as protective wall covering
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| westwerk | the elaborated west end of a Carolingian or romanesque church
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| wicket | a small door or gate within a larger one
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| ziggurat | a mesopotamian temple tower in the form of a stepped pyramid
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| zoning | the legal restriction that deems that parts of cities be for particular uses, such as business housing and so forth
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