CM1-Fall 2011
Help!
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| What amount of cal/day should come from proteins? | ~10-15%
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| A high biological value protein contains all essential and non-ess aa's, what are some good sources? | *EGGS=highest!
-meat
-soy
-legumes, grains, roots
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| What is an essential aa? | Ones the body cannot make
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| Minimal glucose needs/day to support brain? | 100gm
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| What amt of kcals/day should come from carbs? From fat? | -55%
-<30% (<7% sat fat)
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| How many kcal/kg for maintenance? repletion? | M=25-30
R=30-35
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| RDAs vs AIs? | RDAs=amt to prevent defic in healthy ppl
AIs=used for nutrients where less info is avail
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| Vitamin A AKA? | Retinol
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| Vitamin B1, B2? | Thiamine, Riboflavin
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| Vit B6? | Pyridoxine
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| Vit B12? | Cobalamin
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| What are the ABCD's of nutrition? | Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, Dietary
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| Vit B3? | Niacin
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| When should you be concerned about wt loss in a pt? | -5% in one month
-7.5% over 3 months
-10% over 6 months
>10#s in 6 mo
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| Further pt eval @ which BMI levels? | >27 or <22
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| What is the gold std for body fat percentage? | Underwater weighing
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| Low K+ and Mg2+ seen with? | Vom and Diarrhea and high fistula losses
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| Thiamine deficiency is assoc w/? | Alcoholism
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| Which water-soluble vitamin is substantially stored over ~12 mo pd instd of being excreted in urine? | Vit B12 - that's why it is supplemented q1 mo if needed, instead of qday
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| What should be checked in pts w/ suspect anemia? | Hct, Hgb, MCV
(If MCV NL, then anemia is probably not nutrition-related)
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| What does ^ MCV mean? and what should be checked in these pts? | =Macrocytosis
-Check folic acid and B12
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| People w/ pernicious anemia are deficient in? | Intrinsic fx (therefore, cannot absorb B12)
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| T or F: Serum Ca2+ parallels dietary Ca2+? | FALSE: Serum Ca2+ is controlled by PTH, vitD, Calcitonin
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| What is the storage form of Iron? | Ferritin
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| Iron-deficiency anemia involves? | Low hgb, hct, MCV = microcytosis
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| Which deficiency can lead to severe and non-reversible neuro damage if not detected early? | B12 deficiency (also think this-if numbness or tingling of feet)
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| Which vitamin deficiency involves structural abnormalities in growing bones, esp bowed-legs? | Vitamin D = Rickets
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| What is the deficiency syndrome of Vit C? | Scurvy; Bleeding gums is the beginning sign
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| Vitamin A deficiency involves what kind of problems? | Ophthalmic
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| Condition assoc w/niacin defic is called? | Pellagra
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| What condition involves the "4 D's"? | Niacin Defic/Pellagra:
-Diarrhea
-Dermatitis
-Dementia
-Death
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| Kasal's necklace may be seen in which deficiency? | Niacin
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| What is the name of the condition assoc w/ thiamine deficiency? what usually causes this? what are some of the symptoms? | "BeriBeri"
-Alcoholism
-Anorexia, memory loss, muscle wasting, heaviness/wkness of legs..
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| Which defic involves magenta tongue and cheilosis? | Riboflavin defic
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| Iodine defic is assoc w/ which condition? | Cretinism (assoc w/ severe MR and Growth Retardation)
-"Neonatal/congenital hypothyroidism"
-Women that are iodine def and give birth
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| What is the condition assoc w/ severe protein energy malnutrition? | Kwashiorkor (low oncotic pressure, so fluid moves out into interstitial spaces = edema)
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| What is the transition diet used bw a liquid and general diet? | Soft diet (similar to regular diet, just less fiber/residue)
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| A problem w/ a full liquid diet is that it is very high in? | Fat, dairy, lactose
(lactose intol??)
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