The Scientific Revolution
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| A period of time lasting from the late 14th century to the late 17th century in which the medieval view of the universe was transformed into the modern and scientific view of the universe. | scientific revolution
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| An Italian scientist who lived from 1564 to 1642.He was one of the first to break with Aristotle's physics.He was silenced in 1633 by the inquisition for his attacks on scholasticism. | Galileo Galilei
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| A treatise published in 1610 by Galileo Galilei proclaiming that the moon is not smooth and spherical as a number of previous philosophers believed. | The Starry Messenger
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| An astronomer born in 1642. Published the famous "Principia Mathematica" in 1687 and discovered what he called "universal gravitation". | Isaac Newton
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| An ancient greek philosopher and writer. His ideas and theories were very influential to the medieval understanding of the universe. | Aristotle
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| An ancient Greek philosopher whose philosophies were siezed as an alternative to Aristotles theories and medieval scholasticism. | Plato
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| Many anonymous students of magic believed that this Egyptian priest had once existed and that he had possessed secret knowledge about nature's processes and the ultimate forces at work in the universe. | Hermes Tristmegistus
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| A Hermetic magician who strove for perfection and a higher spiritual reality but unlike Platonism, as they took certain shortcuts. | Magus
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| A handbook of Greek astronomy written by Ptolemy of Alexandria, based on the theories of Aristotle. | Almagest
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| He lived from 1473 to 1543. One of the first to theorize that the sun was at the center of the universe. He published his findings in 1543 in a work entitled "On the Rotations of the Heavenly Spheres" and died later that year. | Nicolaus Copernicus
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| A philosopher living during the 13th century (1225-1274)who adopted Aristotle's thought to christian belief. | Thomas Aquinas
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| Tycho Brahe's German Collaborator. Discovered the three basic laws of planetary motion and ,unlike Tycho, accepted and provided proofs for the Copernican heliocentric universe. | Johannes Kepler
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| He was considered the most gifted astronomer in his generation after Copernicus. In 1572 he discovered and observed a new star which challenged the Aristotelian assumption. | Tycho Brahe
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| He was one of the first Europeans to proclaim that the universe is infinite. He also speculated that there might be life on other planets. These notions were regarded as dangerous by the church and he was burned at the stake in 1600 | Giordano Bruno
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| An ancient medical practitioner and follower of Aristotle. His practices were very influential to medieval medicine (e.g. the famous bloodletting and sweating). | Galen
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| A term Galen used for the manifestations of the elements of the body. It greatly influenced his medical practices (e.g. bloodletting). | humors
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| Several of Isaac Newton's discoveries and theories published into his first publication. In it he not only formulated universal mathematical laws, but offered a new philosophy of nature as well. This book made a great impact on Newtons contemporaries. | Principia Mathematica
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| The year in which Newton leaves Cambridge because of an outbreak of the plague. | 1666
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| A book published in 1704 by Isaac Newton. It Revealed his theory that light is corpuscular in nature and that it emanates from lumious bodies in such a way as to produce waves. | Opticks
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| A Swiss-German physician and hermeticist who was the first to introduce the concept of diagnostic medicine. | Paracelcus
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| A Belgian surgeon who argued for observation and anatomical dissection as the keys to how the human body works. | Andreas Vesalius
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| He lived from 1578 to 1657. He discovered the circulation of blood by comparing the heart to a mechanical pump. | William Harvey
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| The date that "the Structure of the Human Body" is published by William Harvey. | 1543
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| He is considered the father of modern chemistry. He pioneered in the experimental method with such exciting and accurate results that by the the time of his death no serious scientist could conduct a chemical experiment without following his guidelines. | Robert Boyle
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| Lord chancellor to James 1 in England. His vision of progress in science leading to an improvement of the human condition inspired much scientific activity in the seventeenth century, particularly in England. | Francis Bacon
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| A French philosopher of the seventeenth century who was considered the father of modern philosophy. He believed so fully in unaided reason that his science was largely deductive and not sufficiently based on rigorous experimentation. | Rene Descartes
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| A seventeenth century English poet and social conservative. He provided some evidence of the fear of the new science in early modern Europeans in his poem "an Anatomy of the World(1611). | John Donne
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| A poem by John Donne about the effects of the new science , it related the dislocation of the sun to the new social forces that were threatening traditional English society. | An Anatomy of the World
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| Nicolaus Copernicus' only published work. Later during the year it was published Copernicus died and it is said they brought his book to him on his deathbed. | On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
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| A gifted and influential philosopher of the seventeenth century and Isaac Newtons friend and contemporary. | John Locke
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| The year that Newton's "Opticks" is published. | 1704
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