Histology
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| Excitability | show 🗑
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| show | Ability to propagate action potential along the neural membrane.
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| show | Are cells with mult. processes, one axon conducting action potentials away from the cell body and one or more dentrites conducting graded potentials twrd. the cell body.
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| Neuroglia Cells | show 🗑
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| show | Mitochondria, golgi body, ER, neurofibrils, neurotubules, Nissl Bodies, and Nucleus.
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| show | conducts graded potentials twrd. the cell body. May be more than one, usually short, thick. Cytoplasm shows all organelles existing in cell body. Surface membrane shows dendritic spines or gemmules as sites of cellular synapses.
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| show | Conducts action potentiala way from the cell body. ONLY ONE per cell. usually thing and long. comes from cell body (axon hillocks). The axoplasm lacks Nissl Granules. Telodendria terminate in bulbous endings called terminal boutons.
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| show | with one process (spinal Ganglia)
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| Bipolar | show 🗑
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| Multipolar | show 🗑
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| Golgi Type I cells | show 🗑
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| show | contains short axons
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| 3 types of synaptic contacts: | show 🗑
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| show | has elements of multiple mitochondria and membraneous vesicles in the presynaptic element.
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| show | mainly formed by lipid & some protein; divided by internodal segemts (nodes of Ranvier) to speed up (saltatory) conduction
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| show | lie outside the myelin sheath; contain flat cells/flat nuclei (schwann cells)wraps around for protective covering does help with regeneration of nerves forming myelin sheath.
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| show | No coverings [Ex] grey matter of CNS
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| Myelinated but no neurolemma | show 🗑
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| show | Ex] autonomic nerves
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| show | Ex] Spinal nerves
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| show | Exists only in CNS; Astrocytes, Oligodendroglia, & microglia.
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| show | Found both in CNS & PNS; Neurolemma cells, Satelitte cells (Schwann cells), Ependymal cells
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| Astrocytes | show 🗑
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| show | thinner & less branching processes, are found in white matter of CNS, develop from the ectoderm.
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| show | round with few processes, found in both gray & white matters of CNS, form myelin sheath around nerves and develop from ectoderm.
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| show | small spindle cells with processes at the poles. Are Phagocytic cells arising from mesdoderm and found in both gray and white matter of CNS
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| show | present only in PNS
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| show | Surrounding cells bodies of neurons inside ganglia (PNS)
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| show | columnar cells with some cilia, lining ventricles of the brain & central canal of spinal cord.
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| show | loose C.T. lies outside the neurolemma,
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| Perineurium | show 🗑
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| show | Coveres the whole nerve by a C.T. membrane
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| Peripheral Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | -Brain: Cerebrum, Brain Stem (midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata), Cerebellum.
-Spinal Cord:
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| show | Collections of nerve cells outside the CNS along the course of spinal & autonomic nerves.
2 types: spinal & autonomic ganglia.
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| Autonomic Ganglion | show 🗑
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| Spinal Ganglion | show 🗑
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| show | are receptors close to body surfaces and they receive impulses that originate from outside the body
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| show | originate from sub-epithelial plexus of sensory nerves, lose their sheaths and penetrate naked in epithelial cells. Sensitive to pain stimuli, may carry light touch and temperature stimuli.
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| show | similar to free endings, but around hair follicles.
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| merkel'S tactile corpuscles | show 🗑
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| show | encapsulated nerve endings located in dermal papillae, CT capsule is oval in shape. Sensitive to light touch and are common in the skin of the fingertips and toes, lips, nipples, and genitalia.
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| show | capsule is rounded, found in glans penis, clitoris, and labia minora, light touch.
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| show | Encapsulated endings, capsule is very elongated, these are temperature receptors sensitive to hot stimuli.
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| show | Encapsulated spindle shaped endings found between tendon fibers to its junction w/ muscle. They act as stretch receptors to carry action potentials in relation to the tension of the associated muscle.
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| Interoceptors | show 🗑
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| show | nerves endings relaying motor impulses, that originate in the CNS to end organs like muslces or glands.
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| show | in relation to skeletal muscles are motor end plates, where motor terminal makes contact with skeletal fibers. terminal portion loses its myelin. it gives several branches each with a bulbous end which dips into the synaptic gutter.
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| Autonomic Motor endings | show 🗑
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| show | arise from plexuses around acini of glands, the periacinar plexus. The endings control the secretory activity of the glands.
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| Lymphatic System | show 🗑
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| show | fibrous framework is made up of reticular tissue; in Nodes Made up of: capsule, cortical & medullary trabeculae, Reticular tissue;
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| Parenchyma | show 🗑
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| non-encapsulated lymph tissue | show 🗑
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| Nodular lymphatic tissue | show 🗑
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| show | dispersed loosely arranged cells of lymph tissue, usually occupies spaces btw nodules of lymphatic tissue.
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| show | 2 palatine,, 1 lingual, 1 pharyngeal
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| show | mucous membrane dips inside lymphatic tissue of tonsil to form tubular invaginations
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| Stratified squamous non-keratinized | show 🗑
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| Pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated | show 🗑
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| show | lymphatic organs: lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus
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| show | occur along lymph vessels(bean shaped w/ hilum) outer portion called cortex; inner zone called medulla.
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| show | L.T. form irregular branching cords of densely arranged cells called medullary cods
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| show | made of subcapsular, cortical and medullary sinuses.
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| Circulation of Lymph | show 🗑
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| Thymus | show 🗑
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| show | Contains Capsule, Trabeculae, and Cytoreticulum- not assoc. w/ reticular fibers, made up of branching cells attached together by epithelial-reticular cells, which secrete thymic factor(Thymosin) for development in immunological competent lymphocytes
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| show | Cortex: made up dense small lymphocytes called thymocytes or T-lymphocytes;
Medulla: loosely arranged cells lymphocytes & some histiocytes; Hassalll's (Thymic) corpuscles are rounded lamellated acidophillic bodies-degenerating epithelial reticular cells
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| Spleen | show 🗑
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| Circulation of blood in spleen | show 🗑
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Created by:
AAbraham
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