Histology
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| show | Is ability to produce action potential in response to a stimulus.
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| Conductivity | show 🗑
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| Neurons | show 🗑
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| show | Cells of supoort to the nerve cells and their processes. They're of 2 main types, ea. has various subtypes.
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| show | Mitochondria, golgi body, ER, neurofibrils, neurotubules, Nissl Bodies, and Nucleus.
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| Dendrites | show 🗑
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| Axon | show 🗑
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| Unipolar/Pseudounipolar | show 🗑
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| Bipolar | show 🗑
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| show | with more than 2 processes; Stellate - star-shaped, (autonomic ganglia) Pyramidal - (Cerebral Cortex) Piriform - pear-shaped ( Cerebullum) Granule cells - small with nucleus filling most of the cell (Cerebellum)
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| Golgi Type I cells | show 🗑
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| show | contains short axons
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| 3 types of synaptic contacts: | show 🗑
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| show | has elements of multiple mitochondria and membraneous vesicles in the presynaptic element.
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| Myelin sheath | show 🗑
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| show | lie outside the myelin sheath; contain flat cells/flat nuclei (schwann cells)wraps around for protective covering does help with regeneration of nerves forming myelin sheath.
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| show | No coverings [Ex] grey matter of CNS
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| show | Ex] White matter of CNS
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| Neurolemma but no myelin | show 🗑
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| neurolemma and myelin | show 🗑
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| show | Exists only in CNS; Astrocytes, Oligodendroglia, & microglia.
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| Modified neuroglia (Neuroglia cells) | show 🗑
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| show | star shaped cells with multiple processes ending by pervascular feet over blood vessels. They form Blood Brain Barrier.
SUBTYPES:
Protoplasmic- have thicker, more branching processes & found in gray matter of CNS;
FIBROUS ASTROCYTES.
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| FIBROUS ASTROCYTES | show 🗑
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| show | round with few processes, found in both gray & white matters of CNS, form myelin sheath around nerves and develop from ectoderm.
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| show | small spindle cells with processes at the poles. Are Phagocytic cells arising from mesdoderm and found in both gray and white matter of CNS
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| Neurolemma cells | show 🗑
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| show | Surrounding cells bodies of neurons inside ganglia (PNS)
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| Ependymal Cells | show 🗑
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| Endoneurium | show 🗑
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| show | surrounds bundles of fibers by a C.T. membrane
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| show | Coveres the whole nerve by a C.T. membrane
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| Peripheral Nervous System | show 🗑
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| show | -Brain: Cerebrum, Brain Stem (midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata), Cerebellum.
-Spinal Cord:
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| show | Collections of nerve cells outside the CNS along the course of spinal & autonomic nerves.
2 types: spinal & autonomic ganglia.
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| show | Smaller; Multipolar Stellate; 15-40 microns; Larger in # relative to size of ganglion; cells are scattered irregularly; Cell nuclei: mostly eccentric; Satellite sheath: incomplete; NERVE FIBERS ARE NON-MYELINATED.
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| Spinal Ganglion | show 🗑
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| show | are receptors close to body surfaces and they receive impulses that originate from outside the body
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| show | originate from sub-epithelial plexus of sensory nerves, lose their sheaths and penetrate naked in epithelial cells. Sensitive to pain stimuli, may carry light touch and temperature stimuli.
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| show | similar to free endings, but around hair follicles.
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| merkel'S tactile corpuscles | show 🗑
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| meissner's corpuscles | show 🗑
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| show | capsule is rounded, found in glans penis, clitoris, and labia minora, light touch.
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| show | Encapsulated endings, capsule is very elongated, these are temperature receptors sensitive to hot stimuli.
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| show | Encapsulated spindle shaped endings found between tendon fibers to its junction w/ muscle. They act as stretch receptors to carry action potentials in relation to the tension of the associated muscle.
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| show | receptors in relation to visceral organs and blood vessels. They may be stimulated by mechanical or chemical stimuli.
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| show | nerves endings relaying motor impulses, that originate in the CNS to end organs like muslces or glands.
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| show | in relation to skeletal muscles are motor end plates, where motor terminal makes contact with skeletal fibers. terminal portion loses its myelin. it gives several branches each with a bulbous end which dips into the synaptic gutter.
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| show | occur in relation to smooth and cardiac muscles, and arise from autonomic plexuses in the walls of visceral organs. Motor fibers approach muscle fibers and wind around them to end terminally into bulbous endings over sarcolemma of muscle fibers.
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| show | arise from plexuses around acini of glands, the periacinar plexus. The endings control the secretory activity of the glands.
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| Lymphatic System | show 🗑
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| show | fibrous framework is made up of reticular tissue; in Nodes Made up of: capsule, cortical & medullary trabeculae, Reticular tissue;
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| show | cellular component, composed of a collection of cells, mainly lymphocytes, occupying the meshes of reticular tissue.
Lymphocytes, monocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, lymph or blood sinusoids.
Cortex: contains nodular L.T. forming Cortical nodules;
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| non-encapsulated lymph tissue | show 🗑
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| show | round to oval collections of densely packed cells to form a nodule or follicle.Germinal center contains large lymphocytes and medium sized lymphocytes; outer zone of nodule is called cortex. Nodules maybe single or may form aggregates (Payer's Patches)
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| Diffuse lymph tissue | show 🗑
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| show | 2 palatine,, 1 lingual, 1 pharyngeal
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| Tonsillar crypts | show 🗑
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| Stratified squamous non-keratinized | show 🗑
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| show | with some goblet cells in pharyngeal tonsils.
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| Fully encapsulated lymph tissue | show 🗑
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| Lymph nodes | show 🗑
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| show | L.T. form irregular branching cords of densely arranged cells called medullary cods
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| Parenchyma:Lymph Sinuses | show 🗑
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| Circulation of Lymph | show 🗑
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| Thymus | show 🗑
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| show | Contains Capsule, Trabeculae, and Cytoreticulum- not assoc. w/ reticular fibers, made up of branching cells attached together by epithelial-reticular cells, which secrete thymic factor(Thymosin) for development in immunological competent lymphocytes
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| show | Cortex: made up dense small lymphocytes called thymocytes or T-lymphocytes;
Medulla: loosely arranged cells lymphocytes & some histiocytes; Hassalll's (Thymic) corpuscles are rounded lamellated acidophillic bodies-degenerating epithelial reticular cells
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| show | largest lymphatic organ in body; bllod & not lymph, circulates in its tissue: considered a hemal lymph node. (covered by peritoneum, w/ indentation of hilum where blood vessels enter and leave. Contains lights spots: white pulp; Reddish brown: red pulp.
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| show | Slenic artery enters spleen at the hilum and splits to run in trabeculae (arteries) then enter splenic nodules as central arterioles. exits nodules as straight straight vessels called pencilli which pour into sinuses and drained after pulpvenules
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Created by:
AAbraham
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