Flashcards for Mr. Mattia's industrial revolution, reform, and immigration unit.
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| Industrial Revolution | happens whenever people in a region start to use machines instead of hand-tools.
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| Industrial Revolution Dates | For America: 1789-1930's
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| Productivity | the quantity of goods you can produce
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| Enclosure Movement | when, in Great Britain, farmers stoped farming and instead raised sheep - to do this they “enclosed” their property with fences.
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| Naval blockades | surrounding a country with gunships so they can't trade with anyone. England did this to us in the War of 1812.
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| Profit | the money you make from busniness after you pay your expenses
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| Natural resources | the stuff you need to make other stuff. raw materials
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| human resources | people to run factories and supply resources
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| capital resources | tools, machines, and money to run a factory
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | the value of the goods/services produced in 1 year.
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| Market Economy | Resources, and finished goods and services are privately owned, bought, & sold.
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| water power | the power that powered our first factories. They were built beside swiftly moving rivers and streams.
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| mass production | identical goods were produced in great quantities
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| Samuel Slater | brought the first textile factories to America by smuggling the plans in his head out of England. Owned the Slater Mills.
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| Francis Cabot Lowell | employed young girls at his mills and tried to provide for their well-being.
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| Eli Whitney | Invented the Cotton Gin as well as Interchangeable parts.
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| Cotton Gin | A machine that removed the seeds from raw cotton and made it much easier to harvest.
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| Interchangeable Parts | a way of making things where you mass produce parts that all fit together to make something, rather than making one thing at a time.
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| Robert Fulton | American inventor of the steamboat.
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| Samuel F.B. Morse | Invented Morse Code for use with the telegraph machine.
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| Elias Howe | Invented the first sewing machine.
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| John Deere | Invented the steel plow.
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| Cyrus McCormick | Invented the modern reaper for harvesting crops.
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| Charles Goodyear | Invented vulcanized rubber which greatly increased its ability to withstand heat and cold and be put into useful forms.
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| Blessings of the Industrial Revolution | Study these in your notes
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| Curses of the Industrial Revolution | Study these in your notes
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| Opportunity Cost | the most important alternative that is given up as a result of a specific economic decision.
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| Labor Unions | organizations that workers form to improve their conditions
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| Strike | a refusal to work until demands for improved conditions are met
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| Putting-out system | families produced at home; made wages; worked for themselves without an immediate supervisor
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| Nativists | people that wanted to keep the country for “native Americans” (“Native American” does not refer to Indians in this case)
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| Second Great Awakening | Christian revival that swept through America in the early 1800's. Helped a lot of reform movements.
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| Temperance Movement/Society | Group of people that believed in banning alcohol.
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| Dorthea Dix | brought reform to how we treated mentally ill people.
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| Seneca Falls Convention | organized by women in 1848 to discuss the limitations put on women by society at the time. Birth-place of feminism
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| Susan B. Anthony | fought for women's suffrage rights.
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| suffrage | the right to vote.
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