HBC and NWC
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| Revisionism | passing of time can sometimes revise, the meaning of events, or change someone's reputation for better or worse
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| Rupert's Land was named after | King Charles II of England
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| Beaver Pelt | company used this as a currency in fur trade
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| Factors | local bosses for the HBC in the fur trade
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| Montrealers | group of English merchants from Montreal who seized NWC
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| Hivernants | individuals who stayed in country and shared in profits of NWC
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| Bullishness | relaxed trading practices of NWC, inclding the selling of alcohol to natives
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| Portage | the process of moving a boat from one body of water to another
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| Headhunter | person who looks for skilled employees on behalf of a company HBC used this as a currency in the fur trade
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| Canot du Nord | canoes that the NWC used in the Northwest.
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| The canots du nord were made of this (hint: east coast) | birch
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| The canots du maitre were made of this (hint: in west coast) | cedar
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| Drainage Basin | land drained by rivers
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| Canots du Maitre | canoes used by the NWC for the journey from Fort William to Montreal.
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| What were York boats made of, and what company used them | a double ended boat made of wood, by HBC
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| 13 meters long, could be sailed or paddles | York boat length
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| First ones 3000 kg, newer ones 6000 kg | York boat capacity
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| Bois Rule | what people of French-Native ancestry used to call themselves.
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| Literal meaning of Bois Rule | Burnt wood
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| Metis | one who has French and Native ancestry
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| Country born | people with Native and Scottish or Native and British ancestry
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| Seigneurial pattern | a long-lot pattern that seigneuries used in New France
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| Pemmican | usually had a mix of dried meat, fat, lard, and/or berries.
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| Flogged | when someone is beaten with a whip or stick as torture or punishment
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| Date HBC was formed | 1670
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| Took up 1/3rd of modern Canada, and claimed area around Hudson's Bay. Belonged to this company : | HBC area
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| Stay By The Bay | Staying near Hudson's Bay rather than going inland
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| HBC standard of trade /4 | very strict, not much bargaining, salaried employees, strict hiearchy
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| London Partners | shared profits
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| Formed in 1783: after New France fell, group of english merchants seized fur trade | NWC formation date
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| Where NWC set up trading posts | set up trading posts in the interior
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| Major trade fort of NWC | Fort William
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| moved inland to be closer to traders, business structure based on partnerships less rigid than HBC | NWC policy
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| NWC had to contend with this | short ice free seasons on rivers and lakes
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| convinced King Charles II to back the HBC's business, plus take some fur trade from the French | Formation of HBC caused this
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| encouraged celibacy rather than marriage with natives | another part of HBC policy
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| helped carry cargo | voyageurs
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| Traded alcohol with natives | NWC's policy regarding alcohol
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| 1821 | HBC and NWC were merged on this date
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| companies were struggling financially, Red River Colony law suits gragged on for three years, neither company could survive full scale operations | Why the merger was formed
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| 55 out of 100; 45 out of 100 | NWC shares to HBC shares
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| 1825 | old NWC partners sold their shares back to HBC giving HBC 100% of shares on this date
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| it had a great reputation | When the HBC and NWC merged, they kept the HBC's name because
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| Red River Colony date | 1812-1815
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| settlement | Red River Colony civil methods
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| fur trade | traditional metis civil methods
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| Pemmican among the Metis | part of culture and economy
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| Pemmican among the RRC | needed until farming succeeds
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| Governor in RRC | felt he had legit power over area
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| Governor among Metis | felt he held power over area based on their history
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| Conflict related to Red River Colony | Pemmican War, Battle of Seven Oaks
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| Size of Selkirk's Grant | 300,000 km2 in today's Southern Manitoba and North Dakota
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| Thomas Douglas was awarded Selkirk's grant on: | 1811
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| Why Selkirk's Grant was issued | troubled by poor tenant farmers (crofters) from Scotland
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| what happened to the Scottish crofters | evicted from land to be used for sheep grazing
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| 2 choices crofters had | move to industrialized cities or BNA
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| 1814 | When Miles Macdonell issued Pemmican Proclamation
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| Why Pemmican Proclamation was issued | to ensure Selkirk settlers wouldn't run out of food, Winter begin early so colonists had to Winter or go to Fort Pembina
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| Spring 1813 | colonists cleared land, plant crops failed
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| 1849 | 4 metis were charged with illegal fur trading
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| The trial judge's (1849)attitude towards the Metis | dislike them
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| What the trial judge (1849) told the metis | told jury the had no choice bu to return a verdict of guilty
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| Trade with one person | Direct trade
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| When you intend on buying something from somebody, but you have to go through someone else, causing more money to be spent | indirect trade
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| chief factor | main boss of HBC in fur trade
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| vast area around Hudson Bay | Rupert's Land
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