Erwin A&P - Murphy notes On Chapter 1
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| Anatomy | study of structure of body
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| Gross anatomy | study of structures seen w/naked eye
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| Microscopic anatomy | study of structures too small to see w/naked eye
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| Physiology | study of the function
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| Pathology | study of disease
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| Pathophysiology - science that | describes consequences of improper functioning body parts
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| Structural Org of Body is simple to: | complex
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| Order of structural org: | cells, tissues, organs, organ/body system, organism
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| Cell is | basic unit of life; building block of body
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| Tissues are groups of: | cells that work together to perform a specific function
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| Tissues are groups of: | cells that work together to perform a specific function
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| Organs are groups of | tissues that work to perform a specific function
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| Organs/Body Systems are groups of | organs that work to perform a specific function
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| Organism/Body | the whole she-bang
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| Integumentary refers to | skin, nails, hair, oil glands & sweat glands
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| Function of integumentary | covers & protects; regulates T
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| Top layer of skin is | epidermis
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| Dermis is the | true skin; active layer;
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| Subcutaneous is layer | below dermis; insulates, connects and adipose
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| Skeletal is the | bones, cartiledge and joints
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| Function of skeletal system | supports body; stores calcium & phosphorus
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| Ligaments are | strong cords that connect bone to bone at joint
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| Muscular system includes: | muscles, tendons & joints
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| muscular system produces | heat
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| Function of muscular sys is | movement
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| Tendons are strong | elastic cords that connect muscles to bone
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| Articulations | joints-areas where bones meet
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| Nervous system includes: | neurons, neuroglia, nerves, brain & spinal cord
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| Function of nervous system: | homeostasis via electrical impulses
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| Neuron | nerve cell that transmits electrical impulses
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| CNS is the | central nervous system
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| CNS includes the | brain and spinal cord
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| PNS is the | peripheral nervous system
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| Endocrine | glands that secrete hormones INTO bloodstream
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| Pituitary is often called the | master gland
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| Endocrine function is | homestasis via hormones
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| Hypo thalamus is the` | area of brain that controls the pituitary gland
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| Hormones - chemical | messangers secreted by the endocrine glands
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| Cardio vascular includes | heart, blood & blood vessels
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| Heart function is | transportation by pumping bloodd
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| What is a fist sized, pump in chest? | heart
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| Atria | two upper, receiving
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| Ventricles | two lower, pumping
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| Valves - structures | which prevent blood from going backward
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| Function of blood is to | transport substances thru body
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| Blood cells are | formed elements that perform specific duties
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| All Blood Cells are formed in: | red bone marrow from stem cells
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| Erythrocytes | RBS's (most numerous of blood cells)
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| Leukocytes | WBC's (protection)
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| Thrombocytes | platelets (clotting)
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| Blood Vessels are | pipes that blood flows thru
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| Aorta is the largest | artery in body; carries O rich blood to supply body
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| Arteries are | thick elastic vessels under hi pressure
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| Arterioles are small arteries that | help control BP by slowing blood down before it hits ??
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| Capillaries are ??? | microscopic exchange vessels that connect ???
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| Venuels are ???? | small ????
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| Veins are | large vessels w/valves that carry blood to the heart
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| Vena Cavae - ?-? | ?-?
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| Lymphatic includes | lumph, lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, spleen and thymus, tonsils & lymph nodes
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| Lymphatic function is | transport and filter excess fluid back to bloodstream;
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| Lymph is | excess fluid picked up by lymph capillaries;
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| Respiratory includes | nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs
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| Respiratory function is | exchange of gases by breathing
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| Alveoli is the | microscopic air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where gas is exchanged
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| Digestive sys includes | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, intestines, liver, GB, pancreas
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| Function of digestive is | breakdown food into smallest molecules for absorption
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| Urinary sys is | excretory
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| Urinary includes | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethera
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| Urinary function | filter blood, regulate pH, BP, fluid & electrolyte balance
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| Nephrons are | microscopic cells in kidneys that filter blood
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| Reproductive Sys function is | to procreate
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| Gonads are | sex organs/glands
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| Male Gonads/Female Gonads | Male: testes/Female: ovaries
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| Gametes are | Sex Cells
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| Male Gametes/female Gametes | Male: sperm/Female: egg/ova
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| Male hormones | testosterone
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| Female hormones | estrogen(feminizing), progesterone(pregnancy)
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| Homeostasis is an | internal state of balance body will try to keep
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| Anatomical position standing: | with face, feet and palms forward; arms at side;
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| Superior | above
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| Inferior | below
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| Anterior/Posterior | Front/Back
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| Ventral | front
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| dorsal | back
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