APEH Palmer6MF
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| Inductive Method | learning from observation and comparison.
The historical significance is that now scientific knowledge led to particular facts being linked to general principles.
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| Advancement of Learning | written by Bacon in 1623.
The historical significance is that Bacon suggested that true knowledge was useful knowledge.
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| Heliocentric Theory | The theory that the sun was the center of the universe.
The historical significance is that it was mathematically simpler than the geocentric theory.
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| James Usher | an archbishop and anglican prelate of ireland, he announced the date of 4004 B.C. as the creation of the world.
The historical significance is that his chronological system was printed in the Bible and is still adhered by some as part of the Bible.
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| The Prince | written by Machiavelli, it is a book about how governments and rulers behave. It describes how most rulers only want to further their own political interests.
the historical significance is he accurately described the behavior of rulers.
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| Kepler | Johannes Kepler built upon the Copernican theory.He discovered that the orbits of planets were ellipses.
The historical significance is that he showed a cosmic mathematical relationship between space and time.
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| Reasonableness of Christianity | written by Locke, it argues that Christianity is after all a reasonable form of religion.
The historical significance is that it softened the friction between religion and natural knowledge.
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| Empiricism | Theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily by sensory experience.
The historical significance is that it supported skepticism and the need for evidence.
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| Vesalius | published a book "The structure of the human body" about the study of anatomy.
The historical significance is that he based his findings on the human frame on actual bodies as he found them, instead of only using cadavers.
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| Pierre Bayle | published historical and Critical Dictionary which talks about how truth is more often opinion and supports skepticism.
The historical significance is that he influenced skeptic writers.
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| Paleograph | The study of ancient writing including deciphering, reading and dating of historical manuscripts.
The historical significance is that with this new information they were able to get more evidence of history.
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| Two Treatises of Government | written by Locke, describing his views of political philosophy(he sides with Parliament against the king in the practical struggles of politics.
the historical significance is that his views became a popular philosophy.
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| On the Revolutions of Heavenly Orbs | written by Nicholas Copernicus, explaining that the sun was the center of the solar system and of the whole universe.
The historical significance is that there was more knowledge of the actual movement of the heavenly bodies.
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| cognito ergo sum | meaning "i think, therefore I exist"
The historical significance is that Descartes deduced the existence of God and created a philosophy of dualism. "Cartesian Dualism"
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| William Harvey | published "On the Movement of the Heart and Blood"
The historical significance is that it set forth the doctrine of the continual circulation of the blood through arteries and veins.
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| Edmund Halley | The first man to predict the return of a comet
The historical significance is that the comet that he predicted about is named after him in 1986.
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| Numismatics | study of ancient coins
the historical significance is that some coins were older than manuscripts helping create a timeline for history
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| Leviathan | a sea monster referred to in the bible.
The historical significance is that it was part of the bible.
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| Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy | A book that showed that all motion could be timed and measured by mathematical formulas.
The historical Significance is that it explained the law of universal gravitation.
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| Essay concerning the human understanding | a book written by Locke, it asks about if it is possible to know anything with certainty and how certain knowledge was arrived at.
The historical significance is that he stated that true or certain knowledge is derived from experience.
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| Montaigne | French essayist with strong views on skepticism.
The historical significance is that his philosophy led to a tolerant, humane, and broad-minded outlook.
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| Leeuwenhoek | used a microscope to to discover blood, corpuscles , spermatozoa and bacteria.
The historical significance is that he published drawings of his findings.
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| Richard Simon | wrote "Critical History of the Old Testament", used methods of textual criticism on the secular documents.
The historical significance is that others went further to question the events of the bible. And used scientific idea absolute regularity of nature
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| Biblical criticism | writings of the bible were challenged with a need for evidence.
The historical significance is that some people who challenged the writings of the bible doubted some events that may have happened. It supported skepticism.
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| Samuel Pufendorf | wrote "Law of Nature and of Nations", it is about how sovereign states should work together for the common good.
The historical significance is that it explained specific agreements between gov, kinds of admiralty and maritime law and terms of treaties.
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| New Atlantis | written by Bacon in 1627, it portrays a scientific utopia with a perfect society through knowledge and command of nature.
The historical significance is that it showed that there was no difference between pure science and applied science.
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| Tycho Brahe | authority of heavenly bodies. He did not accept the Copernican system.
The historical significance is that he was the greatest authority on the actual positions and movements of the heavenly bodies.
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| Jean Mabillon | French Benedictine monk wrote "On Diplomatics"
The historical significance is he established the science of paleography (deciphering, reading, dating and authentication of manuscripts.
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| Gregorian Calendar | The calender used by catholic countries later adopted or recognized by the rest of the world.
The historical significance is that the calender provided a global system to to define dates and time that became essential for global economic exchanges.
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| Hugo Grotius | Wrote "Law of war and Peace" in 1625.
The historical significance is that it was the first great book devoted exclusively to the topic of using natural law to bring to order the sovereign territorial states.
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