Major Features of the Old Regime, The Aristocracy, The Land and It's Tillers, an
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| What did many nobles and peasantry desire during the eighteenth century? | Traditional Rights (also called customary rights)
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| Feudal ideals of what persisted and became more rigid in the eighteenth century? | Hierarchy and Privilege
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| What was the name of the nobility that ruled and made up around one fifth of the population? | The Aristocracy
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| House of lords | group of the eldest males in each family that were a council and often were admitted into the House of Commons
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| Division of the 400,000 French Nobles | "of the sword" or "of the robe" who were also divided according to their standing with the royal court at Versailles- all were exempt from certain taxes
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| taille | basic land tax in France that nobles were exempt from based on the ideas of the Old Regime
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| corvees | forced labor on public works
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| corvees | forced labor on public works
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| Szlachta | Polish nobles who were exempt from taxes until 1741
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| aristocratic resurgence | Nobility's reaction to the threat of their social position and privileges- mainly by trying to prevent others from becoming nobles.
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| banalites | feudal dues of the French peasants to lords and nobles
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| robot | service that peasants had to provide to their lords- mainly Habsburg practice
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| cift | the domain of the landlords
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| Pugachev's Rebellion | between 1773 and 1775 Emelyan Pugachev convinced the peasants that they lived under unfair conditions and deserved their own land holding in southern Russia (the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the government)- inspired other peasant revolts
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| English Game Laws | Gave English landowners the right to hunt on their own land, while nobody else could unless they owned a certain amount of land- only landowning gentry could hunt
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| higglers | intermediaries who bought poached game from village people or rural folk (later replaced by coachmen)
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| 1831 | Parliment rewrote the game laws returning the game of the land as property to the landowners, yet they could allow others to hunt on their land
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| family economy | economic system in which a household took charge of a certain trade or job in their town or city and focused on doing just that (they were the basic unit of production and consumption)
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| Northwestern European Households | made up of a married couple, their children into their teenage years, and the families servants (usually 5-6 members unless it was a wealthy family)
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| servants to households | people hired to help in the family's jobs under contract and were compensated in room, board, food, or wages
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| Eastern European Households | large households based on young marriage and integration into one's parent's household- often up to four generations living under one roof
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| Women in the family economy | usually couldn't support themselves and undertook the job of running the household once they were older: had to build up a dowry before marrying
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| Children in the family economy | considered a burden, more often than not, they were put to work and often abandoned or sent to other people's care, besides that of their parents
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| Foundling Hospitals | places that took care of orphaned children- size and number expanded in the 18th century although they existed before: education and care soon developed further for children, mainly in the upper classes
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