Human anatomy II Endocrine system Study guide
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| Hormone | show 🗑
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| Difference between the signal the endocrine system sends to target tissue and the signal the nervous system sends | show 🗑
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| show | Autocrines: chemical signals released by a cell and the substance affects that same cell, Paracrines: chemical signals released into intercellular fluid and affecting nearby cells
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| what type of molecules hormones are made of | show 🗑
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| show | The action of a substance other than a hormone on an endocrine gland, neural control of endocrine gland, control of secretory activity of one endocrine gland by hormone or neurohormone secreted by another endocrine gland
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| properties of hormones: water soluble and lipid soluble | show 🗑
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| show | synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream by the adrenal cortex and the gonads (lipids)
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| what specificity of binding means | show 🗑
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| show | lipid soluble hormones Membrane-bound receptors, water-soluble hormones intracellular receptors
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| how hormones produce an intracellular response | show 🗑
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| show | Membrane-bound receptors, Intracellular receptors
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| show | Regulate intracellular enzyme activities, increase Na and water excretion by the kidney, increase the breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into circulatory system, contract smooth muscle cells, or relax them if NO is used
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| show | (cGMP) produced intracellularly in response to hormone attaching to receptor, cGMP combine with and activate specific enzymes in cytoplasm. Cell responds
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| show | middle of the head behind the eye
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| show | releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones pass through the hypothalamohypophysial portal system to the anterior pituitary
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| show | extension of the nervous system via the infundibulum Secretes neurohormones use Osmoreceptors and baroreceptors, Antidiuretic hormone ADH also called vasopressin
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| what hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary | show 🗑
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| show | secretions of anterior pituitary- body temp, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles
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| the two forms of thyroid hormone (one is converted to the other in tissue) | show 🗑
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| show | transported in blood bound to T4 binding globulin, 33-40% of T4 converted to T3 in cells, bind with intracellular receptor molecules, increase rate of glucose fat and protein metabolism, normal growth of many tissue dependent
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| show | Produced by parafollicular cells Secretion triggered by high Ca2+ concentration in blood; acts to decrease Ca2+ concentration Primary target tissue: bone. Decreases osteoclast activity, lengthens life span of osteoblasts.
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| show | Parathyroid glands imbedded in thyroid gland. 2 glands on each side
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| the properties of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and what it does | show 🗑
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| what the adrenal medulla is and what hormones are produced | show 🗑
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| show | Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heart rate and force of contraction; cause blood vessels to constrict in skin, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and other viscera
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| the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex | show 🗑
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| the Zona glomerulosa produces | show 🗑
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| the effects of cortisol on cells | show 🗑
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| show | mineralocorticoids, Zona glomerulosa, Increases rate of sodium reabsorption by kidneys increasing sodium blood levels
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| what hormones and the cells involved in hormone secretion from the pancreas | show 🗑
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| show | Increases uptake of glucose and amino acids by cells
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| show | hyperglycemia, age
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| show | Target tissue is liver, Causes breakdown of glycogen and fats for energy
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| which hormone levels increase after a meal | show 🗑
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| show | short term: increased eipnephrine, glucagon and inhibits insulin secretion. Prolonged: ACTH and GH release ACTH stimulates increased cortisol secretion
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| show | by the testes and ovaries (Gonads)
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| show | oestrogen, progesterone
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| show | to produce melatonin which inhibits GnRH secretion from hypothalamus, may help regulate sleep cycles by enhancing the tendency to sleep
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| the function of the Thymus | show 🗑
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| what substance (We mentioned in class at the end of the chapter) can promote inflammation, pain and vasodilation (not hormone, both autocrine and paracrine effects) | show 🗑
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| examples of lipid-soluble hormones | show 🗑
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| show | receptors on the surface of target cells,
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