Kaplan MCAT Biology Chapter 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | sum of all chemical reactions that occur in cell
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| Chem rxns in cell are either ________ or ___________ | show 🗑
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| anabolic reactions | show 🗑
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| catabolic reactions | show 🗑
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| show | obtain energy anabolically by converting sunlight into bond energy (photosynthesis)
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| Bond energy in autotrophic organisms stored in | show 🗑
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| Heterotrophic organisms | show 🗑
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| Net rxn of photosynthesis | show 🗑
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| show | reverse of photosynthesis
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| Energy carriers | show 🗑
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| Formation of and degrading of ATP = | show 🗑
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| show | glucose catabolism
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| Components of ATP | show 🗑
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| Energy of ATP is stored | show 🗑
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| show | 7 kcal
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| ATP provides energy for what? | show 🗑
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| NAD+, NADP, FAD are classified as __________ | show 🗑
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| Where do the electrons come from that are carried by electron carriers in glucose catabolism? | show 🗑
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| show | inner mitochondrial membrane
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| Oxidation | show 🗑
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| NAD+, NADP+, FAD are (oxidizing/reducing) agents | show 🗑
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| NAD+, NADP+, and FAD are (oxidized/reduced) when they become NADH, NADPH, FADH2 | show 🗑
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| show | reducing agents
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| show | glycolysis, cellular respiration
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| show | 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP (net), reduction of NAD+ to NADH
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| Where does glycolysis occur? | show 🗑
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| Substrate-level phosphorylation | show 🗑
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| Does glycolysis occur in prokaryotic cells? | show 🗑
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| Where is the energy of glucose after glycolysis? | show 🗑
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| Pyruvate degradation can occur in what 2 ways? | show 🗑
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| During fermentation, pyruvate is (oxidized/reduced) | show 🗑
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| show | oxidized
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| Fermentation is collectively what processes? | show 🗑
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| show | alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
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| in what does does alcohol fermentation typically occur | show 🗑
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| show | fungi, bacteria, and human muscles during strenuous activity
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| show | decarboxylated; acetaldehyde
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| show | blood pH
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| Oxygen debt | show 🗑
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| show | 36 in eukaryotes; 38 in prokaryotes
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| show | b/c oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor and without it, electrons back up and NAD+ is not regenerated
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| show | mitochodria
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| 3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration | show 🗑
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| Process of pyruvate decarboxylated | show 🗑
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| show | Krebs cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)
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| Basics of citric acid cycle | show 🗑
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| show | inner mitochondrial membrane
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| show | cytochromes
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| 1st molecule of ETC | show 🗑
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| show | cytochrome a3
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| show | cyanide - blocks transfer of electrons from cytochrome a3 to oxygen and dinitrophenol - uncouples ETC from the proton gradient
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| 3 categories of protein complexes in ETC | show 🗑
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| When does the energy loss occur in the ETC? | show 🗑
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| Where does NADH deliver H? | show 🗑
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| Where does FADH2 deliver H? | show 🗑
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| show | proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
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| show | as NADH passes electron, free H+ is released and accumulates in mitochondrial matrix creating a positive acidic environment which generates a roton-motive force driving H+ back through channels provided by enzyme complexes called ATP synthetases
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| How many ATP are produced in substrate-level phosphorylation? | show 🗑
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| show | 32 in eukaryotes; 34 in prokaryotes
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| What are other energy sources available when glucose runs low? | show 🗑
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| Where are fats stored and what are they stored as? | show 🗑
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| How are fats prepped for use as energy? | show 🗑
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| How are proteins prepped for use as energy? | show 🗑
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