Nerve lesions of the upper limb
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| * * What will injury to the axillary nerve cause? Muscle and sensation? What is a common way of injuring the axillary nerve? | show 🗑
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| show | The Radial nerve
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| What muscles are compromised in a radial nerve palsy? What actions are compromised? | show 🗑
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| What sensory sensation is lost in a radial nerve palsy (at the axilar level)? | show 🗑
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| show | Cause injury in the radial nerve; wristdrop same, extension of the elbow may NOT be impaired (damage usually below triceps brachii); loss of sensation on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the hand and dorsal surface of roots of lateral 3.5 fingers
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| show | Pronator muscles of the forearm and long flexor muscles @ WRIST and FINGERS (except flexor carpis ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus) paralyzed, thenar muscles and 1st 2 lumbricals parazlyzed; suprachondylar fracture of the humerus
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| show | Forearm is kept supine (loss of pronators); wrist flexion is weak + accompanied by adduction (loss of flexor carpi ulnaris)-->hand of papal benediction + ape like hands; thumb is adducted; inability to oppose thumb
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| What sensory loss would a patient with a median nerve injury at the elbow region present? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common site of injury of the median nerve? | show 🗑
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| show | Paralysis of the thenar muscles and the first two lumbricals; wasted thenar eminence; thumb is adducted; inability to oppose thumb; sensory losses would be same as those in elbow lesion
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| show | Caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel (MOST COMMON COMPRESSION NEUROPATHY)
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| What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | No (area is supplied by the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, which passes superficially to the flexor retinaculum)
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| show | The ulnar nerve
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| show | Flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus, small muscles of the hand EXCEPT the thenar muscles, and the first 2 lumbrical muscles
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| show | Flattening medial part of the forearm due to wasting of the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus; abduction and adduction of the fingers impossible (interosseous muscles); impossible to adduct thumb (adductor pollicis)
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| show | Hyperextension of the knuckle joints due to unopposes action of the extensor digitorum due to paralysis of the interosseus muscles and lumbricals 3 and 4; flexion of interphalangeal joints (4th and 5th most prominent); hypothenar eminence wasted
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| What sensory deficit would an ulnar nerve lesion at the elbow level cause? | show 🗑
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| show | Clawhand more obvious; marked flexion of the terminal phalanges; small muscles of hand paralyzed and show wasting EXCEPT for muscles of thenar eminence and first 2 lumbricals
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| What would an ulnar nerve injury at the wrist cause in terms of skin sensation? | show 🗑
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