Skeleton development from the notes
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| T-F Ribs develop from sclerotomes | True
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| T-F Ribs develop from costal processes which grow out from the mature vertebral mass | False-Grow out from primative vertebral mass
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| T-F Ribs develop intersegmentally | True
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| T-F Only in the throacic and lower cervical regions do the costal processes become long bar ribs following the body wall | False- Only in the thoracic
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| T-F Chondrification center develops at 6 weeks | False- 7 weeks
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| T-F Joint plane forms b/t orginal union of costal process and vertebra | True
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| T-F Bilateral ossification centers near angle of rib at 8-9 weeks of intrauterine life | False- Single ossification center
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| T-F Proximal end of rib remians cartilagenous | False- Distal end remains cart.
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| T-F In 15th yr. 2 secondary centers form in the tuberlce and one secondary center in the head | True
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| T-F By the 24th year ossification is complete | False- 25th year
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| Underdevelopment of a costal process forms what | Rudimentary Rib
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| Overdevelopment of a costal process leading to an increased number of ribs | supernumerary rib
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| clinically important because it may injure the brachial plexus or subclavian artery | cervical rib
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| Splitting of the costal process forms what | Forked or Bifid rib
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| T-F sternum does not develop from sclerotomes | True
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| T-F A pair of sternal bands develop at 6 weeks; also one presternum and 2 suprasternums | True
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| T-F After attachment of ribs sternal bands fuse in caudalcephalo direction | False- fuse in cephalocaudal direction
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| UT-F Besides the lower part of the bands the presternum and suprasternums are also incorporated into the manubrium | False- Upper part of the bands
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| T-F Sternum becomes cartilagenous during fusion of sternal bands | True
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| T-F Clavicals articulate with the suprasternal cartilages which join the manubrium | True
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| Fusion of the cartilagenous sternal components completed at; 7 weeks, 8 weeks or 9 weeks | 9 Weeks
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| Ossification begins about_____ months of fetal development | 5
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| Segmentation into sternebrae develops secondarily due to the influence of the_____ | Ribs
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| Failure of the sternal bands to fuse results in | Cleft sternum
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| Hole in the body of sternum due to defect in chondrification | Perforated sternum
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| Notched xiphoid process is the result of what | Failure of inferior sternal bands to fuse
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| Ossified suprasternal cartilages that failed to attach to manubrium | Suprasternal bones
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| T-F Appendicular skeleton develops from unsegmented somatic mesenchyme of lateral plate origin | True
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| When do the limb buds of the appendicular skeleton become visible | 5 weeks
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| At the apex of limb bud the surface ectoderm is thickened forming the______ | apical ectodermal ridge
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| At weeks ____ limbs reach the cartilagenous stage | 6-7
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| Age at which primary centers of ossification appear | Varies depending on the specific bone
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| Differentiation is in a______ direction in a limb | proximodistal
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| Most epiphyses have fused with diaphysis by the ____ year | 20th
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| First of all bones to begin to ossifiy | Clavicle
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| Week in which the clavicle begins to ossifiy | week 5
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| Which bone has the last secondary center of ossification to appear and what year | Clavicle, In the 20th year
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| What makes the clavicle atypical in its ossification | It has both intramembranous and some endochondral ossification
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| Primary ossification center of the scapula forms what...and in what week | Body, spine, and most of the acromion...8th week of intrautrine life
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| Secondary centers for _____ appears at one year and fuses at puberty | coracoid process
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| where do the primary centers of ossification form for the humerus, radius, and ulna and what week | In the diaphyses, 8th week intrauterine life
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| Where do the secondary centers of ossification for the humerus, radius, and ulna form and at what time | In the epiphyses(usally in distal epiphyses first), 1-14 years
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| T-F the carpals are all cartilagenous at birth; each forms a primary center of ossification at the same time | False- each forms a primary center at different ages
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| What year are all carpals ossified | 15-20 years of age
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| Metacarpals and phalanges have single primary ossification centers at_____weeks of fetal development | 8-12
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| Metacarpals have secondary centers of ossification only_____. Phalanges have secondary centers only______. | Distal epiphyses, proximal epiphyses
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| Os coxa has three primary centers of ossification where are they and when are they formed | Ilium, Pubis, Ischium, 3-5 months fetal life
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| Age in which all three portions of the os coxa are fused | 17
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| Patella is a sesamoid bone which develops within the quadriceps tendon. In what year does it begin to ossify and when is it finished | 4th year completed at puberty
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| Permits shoulders to be approximated | Compete or partial absence of the clavicles
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| Congential absence of a limb or limbs | Amelia
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| Small bone attaches a hand or foot to trunk | meromelia
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| Very short limbs | Micromelia
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| "Mermaid" deformity | Sirenomelia
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| Fusion of one or more fingers or toes | Syndactyly
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| Increase in number of fingers or toes | Polydactyly
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| Abnormal cleft between the 2nd and 4th metacarpals | Lobster claw
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| Sole of foot inverted and plantar flexed | Club foot
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| Partial absence of limbs | Hemimelia
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| Mesenchyme between developing bones differentiates into | fibrous or cartilagenous tissue
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| Synovial joints arise from_____ in the____ month between______ | clefts, 3rd, developing bones
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| Ligaments develop from______ in region surrounding the developing joint | Mesenchyme
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