Human A & P chapter 22
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| The main function of the respiratory system is to do what? | To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
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| Movement of air into and out of the lungs so that gases are continuously changed and refreshed | Pulmonary ventilation
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| Pulmonary ventilation also known as.. | Breathing
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| External respiration is the movement of oxygen from where to where | from the lungs to the blood
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| External respiration is the movement of carbon dioxide from where to where | from the blood to the lungs
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| Transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells of the body; and CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs | Transport of respiratory gases
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| Transportation of respiratory gases is accomplished by which system using what? | The cardiovascular system using blood and the transporting fluid
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| the actual use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by tissue cells is | cellular respiration
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| The respiratory system includes: | the nose, nasal cavity, and the paranasal sinuses; the pharynx, the larynx, and the trachea; the bronchi and their smaller branches; and the lungs which include the alveoli
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| The respiratory system is made up of what two zones? | The respiratory zone, and the conducting zone
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| What is included in the respiratory zone? | the respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts, and the alveoli
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| The respiratory zone is the site of | gas exchange
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| What is included in the conducting zone? | all other respiratory passageways
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| The conducting zones function is to what? | cleanse, humidify and warm incoming air. Air reaching the lungs has fewer irritants
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| 4 things the nose does. | provides an airway for respiration
moistens and warms entering air
filters and cleans inspired air
serves as a reasonating chamber for speech
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| What are the four processes of respiration? | Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
transport of respiratory gases
internal respiration
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| air enters the cavity by passing through the what? | nostrils or nares
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| the nasal cavity is divided by what? | midline called a nasal septum
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| posterior nasal apertures aka the | choanae
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| roof of the nasal cavity is formed by the | ethnoid and sphenoid bones of the skull
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| the floor is formed by the | palate
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| hairs that filter coarse particles like dust and pollen | vibrissae
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| contains smell receptors | olfactory epithelium (mucosa)
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| this structure contains goblet cells and rests on mucous and serious glads | respiratory mucosa
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| antibacterial enzyme in mucus | lysozyme
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| natural antibiotics that help get rid of invading microbes | defensis
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| why does our nose run when we're cold? | ciliated cells become sluggish when exposed to air allowing mucus to accumulate in the nasal cavity instead of moving toward the throat to be swallowed
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| what causes us to sneeze? | sensory nerve endings in the nasal mucosa trigger a sneeze reflex when they come in contact with irritating particles
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| together with the nasal cavity this structure warms and moistens the air | paranasal sinuses
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| inflamation of the nasal mucosa | rhinitis
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| nasal cavity infections often spread to other regions causing | sinusitis (inflamed sinuses)
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| Commonly called the throat | pharynx
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| 3 regions of the pharynx superior to inferior | nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
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| Structure that lies above the point where food enters the body, serving only as an air passageway | nasopharynx
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| "little grape" | uvula
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| two structures that move superiorly, closing off the nasopharynx to prevent food from entering the naval cavity | uvula and soft palate
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| traps and destroys pathogens entering nasopharynx | pharyngeal tonsil
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| help protect the middle ear against infections likely to spread from the nasopharynx | tubal tonsil (pharyngeal tonsil also does this)
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| as the nasopharynx blends into the oropharynx, the epithelium changes from pseudostratified columnar to a more protective.. | stratified squamous epithelium
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| this structual adaption is neccessary bc | more friction and more chemicals accompanying food passage
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| oropharynx has what passing through it | air and food
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| This structure is continuous with the esophagus | laryngopharynx
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| laryngopharynx contains | esophagus
trachea
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| conducts food and fluids to the stomach | esophagus
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| who has the right of the way during swallowing? food or air? | food
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| why do we need to breathe air? | to obtain oxygen
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| why do we need oxygen? | because all the cells in your body require oxygen. without it they couldn't move, build, reproduce, or turn food into energy
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| what is the connection between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems | body cells rely on the oxygen provided by the respiratory system, but the oxygen is picked up from the blood. the blood as the intermediary, while the heart and blood vessels pump blood around the body
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| filters, warms and moistens air | nasal cavities
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| nasopharynx | eustacian tube and pharyngeal tonsils
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| oropharynx | uvula to epiglottis
palatine and lingual tonsils
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| oral cavity opens into which region? | oropharynx
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| laryngopharyx | epiglottis to larynx opening = glottis
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