GA2 ANATOMY MASH 2
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| ______ structure forming the posterolateral border of the anal triangle. | Sacrotuberous ligaments
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| _______ a structure which drains into the inferior meatus | Nasolacrimal duct
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| _______ component applied to most of the external surface of the tunica albuginea of testis. | Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
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| _______ component immediately internal to pararenal fat. | Renal fascia
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| _______ counting the outer skin of the ANTERIOR scrotum as the 1st layer, give the 4th layer through which a penetrating item would pass | Internal spermatic fascia
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| _______ homologue of the female vagina (vagina masculine) (formerly through to e homologue of uterus) | Prostatic utricle
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| _______ left lung homologue of middle lobe of R lung. | Lingula
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| _______ opening of ethmoidal infundibulum into the meatus | Semilunar hiatus
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| _______ part of the levator ani that arises from the arcus tendineus | Iliococcygeus
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| _______ slit-like opening between the true vocal cords. | Rima glottidis
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| _______ SPECIFIC part of broad ligament surrounding the uterine (fallopian) tube. | Mesosalpinx
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| _______ specific structure responsible for forming the limen nasi. | Lateral nasal cartilages
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| _______ structure over which the mucosa of the larynx is reflected to form the vestibular fold. | Quadrangular membrane
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| _________ component immediately internal to renal fascia | perirenal fat
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| __________ a ridge within the nasal cavity separating stratified squamous from respiratory mucosa | Limen nasi
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| __________ component applied to most of the external surfaces of the tunica albuginea of testis | Tunica vaginalis
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| __________ counting the outer skin of the ANTERIOR scrotum as ? layer, give the 6th layer through which a penetrating item would pass | Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
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| __________ makes up the greatest part of the uterine tube; it is thin walled | Ampulla
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| __________ name given to the parietal pleura over apex of lung | Cupula
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| __________ name given to the upper part of the dorsum nasi supported by the nasal bones. | Bridge
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| __________ part of the levator ani that arises from the arcus tendineus | Iliococcygeus
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| __________ structure forming the inferior limit (boundary) of the deep perineal space | Perineal membrane
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| __________ structure which has a lateral and medial crus to hold open the nostrils | Greater alar cartilage
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| ____________depression just lateral to colliculus seminalis. | Prostatic sinuses
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| __________form the anterior boundary of the anal triangle | Imaginary line through the ischial tuberosities
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| __________name given to mucosal reflection formed by the LOWER edge of the quadrangular membrane. | Vestibular fold
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| 2. capacity of bladder without over distension | 2. 500cc
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| 3. Venous drainage of female bladder | 3. vesical-vaginal plexus (female)
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| 4. Artery to bladder directly from the internal iliac | 4. inferior vesicle
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| A patient presents a ruptured bulbular penile urethra. The deep fascia of the perineum is NOT damaged. which area(s) would you expect urine to collect. a. scrotum b. penis c. scrotum AND penis d. scrotum, penis, and abdominal wall e. deep perineal space | B
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| A sharp mucosal covered ridge of the middle meatus | Uncinate process
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| a) name given to abdominal Scarpa’s fascia in the perineal region | b) deep layer of the superficial perineal fascia
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| Approx. length of ductus epididymis | 20-23 ft.
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| b) the _________ fascia of the perineum is NOT continuous with the dartos of the scrotum | Deep Perineal Fascia
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| Besides lymphatics and nerves, give 3 specific structures located WITHIN the spermatic cord. Now give the name of their immediate covering. | Vas deferens and its artery, testicular a., pampiniform plexus of veins, covered by internal spermatic fascia
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| Besides skin and fascia, name two structures located within the labia majora | Vestibular bulbs & termination of round ligament of uterus
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| Besides stomach and splenic vessels, give 2 viscera (give specific part when needed) immediately related to the spleen. | Pancreas (tail); Left kidney
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| Besides the aorta, list 2 other structures which can pass through the aortic hiatus | Thoracic duct, azygos v. - sometimes
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| Besides the pudendal n., give the sources of innervation to the anal triangle. | Perineal br. of S4, perineal br. of posterior femoral cutaneous
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| Besides the pylorus, give 2 specific PARTS of viscera through which the transpyloric plane passes (from handout only). | Neck of pancreas, duodenojejunal junction, hila of kidneys
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| Besides the suprarenal gland superiorly, give 2 structures ANTERIORLY related to the RIGHT kidney (of those mentioned in class). Be sure to give specific PARTS of organs when necessary. | Right colic flexure, second part of duodenum
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| Besides the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, name the other cartilages of the larynx | Arytenoid, Epiglottic, Corniculate, Cuneiform
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| Briefly discuss the formation of the left brachiocephalic vein | An oblique anastamosis btw L&R precardinal
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| Component IMMEDIATELY external to renal fascia | Pararenal fat
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| Component immediately internal to pararenal fat | renal fascia
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| Component which FORMS the arcus tendineus | Thickened fascia of obturator internus
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| Concerning development of the portal vein: (a) what embryonic vein(s) is/are responsible for its formation? (b) what specific part(s) of the vein(s) remain(s) to form the portal? | a) R & L vitelline VV b) The right limb of the cranial ring & the middle (dorsal) anastomosis
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| Concerning faschial layers: BE SPECIFIC AND COMPLETE! | a) deep layer of superficial perineal fascia
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| Concerning fascial layers: BE SPECIFIC AND COMPLETE! a) name given to abdominal Scarpa’s fascia in the perineal region- b) The __________ fascia of the perineum is NOT continuous with the dartos of the scrotum- | a) Deep layer of the superficial fascia of abdomen b) Deep
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| Concerning fascial layers: be specific and complete. 1. name given to Camper’s fascia in the perineal region 2. also known as Buck’s fascia | 1. superficial layer or the superficial perineal fascia 2. deep fascia of clitoris/penis
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| Define a bronchopulmonary segment. | Area of the lung supplied with air from the tertiary bronchus and its subsequent brs.
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| Define location of median lobe of the prostate. Be Complete! | Behind the prostatic urethra, ABOVE the ejaculatory ducts
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| Define location of posterior lobe of the prostate. Be compete! | In midline posterior to urethra and below the ejaculatory ducts
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| Define the cardinal ligament. In your answer include: structural composition, SPECIFIC location, alternate name, and SPECIFIC PART of organ to which it is attached. | Comprised of a considerable amount of CT forming a fascial sheath around vessels, nerves and lymphatics. Located at base of the broad ligament and isthmus. alternate name is the lateral cervical ligament. It is attached to the isthmus of the uterus.
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| Define the root of the lung | Collectively, the structures which pass through the hilus
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| Define the: a) Pudendal cleft b) crura of the perineum | a) cleft between labia majora b) corpus cavernosum attached to UG diaphragm and pubic bone
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| Define: b) the position of the RIGHT testis when compared to the left (higher, lower)- | b) higher
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| Define: c) the 1st part of the male urethra- | c) prostatic urethra
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| Define: d) the derivation of the cremaster m.- | d) internal oblique muscle
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| Define: a) the isthmus of the prostate- | a) anterior lobe-in midline anterior to urethra
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| Describe the MOTOR innervation (include components innervated) to the larynx | Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus to intrinsic muscles; External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve of vagus to cricothyroid
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| Discuss IN DETAIL the COURSE taken by the internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve as they exit the pelvis and pass through the anal triangle. | Leave through greater sciatic notch -> cross over ischial spine -> through lesser sciatic notch -> in pudendal canal high on lateral wall of anal triangle to UG diaphragm
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| Discuss the derivation of the trigone muscle. | Longitudinal smooth muscle of the ureters
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| Discuss the development of the inferior vena cava. Include segments and embryonic vessels responsible. Use right or left if necessary. Both segment and embryonic vessels must be correct to receive ANY credit. | Right subcardinal- prerenal segment; Right supracardinal- postrenal segment; R. sub-supracardinal anastomosis- renal; Common hepatic (proximal right vitelline v.)& some hepatic sinusoids- hepatic seg
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| Discuss the development of the inferior vena cava. Include segments and embryonic vessels responsible. Use right or left if necessary. Both segment and embryonic vessels must be correct to receive ANY credit. | Hepatic- common hepatic (prox. Right vitelline v.); Prerenal- R. Subcardinal; Renal- R. sub-supracardinal anastomosis; Postrenal- R. Supracardinal
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| Discuss the development of the vertebral artery. | Form from anastamosis of the dorsal rami 1-7, therefore, they take origin from the 7th dorsal intersegmental & travel upward
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| Dive the following vertebral levels: a) subcostal plane b) transpyloric plane | a) L3 b)L1
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| Draw a simple picture of the colliculus seminalis and label correctly the position of components present on it | DRAW
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| Female homologue of proximal part of the corpus spongiosum | Vestibular bulb
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| Fissure separating upper and middle lobes of the right lung | Horizontal Fissure
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| Fold of skin formed by labia minora; forms a hood over most of the clitoris | Prepuce
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| For EACH below, name two ADULT arteries which develop: a) lateral segmentals b) ventral segmentals | a) inferior phrenic artery, suprarenal artery, renal artery, and testicular artery b) internal iliac aa., umbilical aa., superior & middle vesical aa.
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| Forms superior boundary (roof) of the perineum | Pelvic diaphragm.
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| Forms the upper limit (roof) of the deep perineal space. | Superior fascia of UG diaphragm.
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| From what components do the following arise? a) suspensory ligament of the clitoris b) prepuce of clitoris | a) deep fascia of lower abdomen b) lateral folds of the labia minora meeting over the glans of the clitoris
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| Give 2 components mentioned in lecture which form the lateral wall of the NASOPHARYNX. | Ostia of auditory tubes, pharyngeal muscles
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| Give 2 landmarks present on the medial surface of the right lung, but NOT the left. | Sup vena cava, azygos v, inf vena cava, R subclavian a, R brachiocephalic v
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| Give ALL structural components forming the broad ligament. Do NOT give its 3 named parts. | Anterior and posterior sheets of peritoneum
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| Give the composition of the HEAD of the epididymis. | Efferent ducts & proximal ductus epididymis
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| Give the following boundaries of the superficial perineal space: a) superior b) inferior c) lateral d) give a muscle of the space | a) Perineal membrane b) deep perineal fascia c) ischiopubic rami d) ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal mm
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| Give the following vertebral levels: a) aortic bifurcation b) the umbilicus (thin subject) | a) L4 b) L3/4
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| Give the following vertebral levels: a. tracheal bifurcation (cadaver) b. hiatus of the inferior vena cava | a. T4/T5 b. T8
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| Give the term for the: 1. entrance to the larynx 2. space between the true and false vocal cords. | 1. aditus 2. rima glottidis
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| Homologue of the female vagina (vagina masculine), formerly thought to be homologue of uterus | Prostatic utricle
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| HYPERTROPHIED lymphatic components on the roof of the nasopharynx | Adenoids
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| In a surface projection, the lower border of the liver extends along a line from the R _______ rib to the L _______ rib. | 10; 5
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| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where are the following specifically located? Do NOT give an abdominal region as your answer. a) gall bladder b) right colic flexure c) base of appendix (McBurney’s point) d) transpyloric plane (NOT vertebral level) | a) costal cartilage of rib 9 b) costal margin at costal cartilage 10 c) junction of distal and middle thirds of line connecting right ASIS and umbilicus d) line halfway btw suprasternal notch and the pubis
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| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where are the following specifically located? Do NOT give an abdominal region as your answer. a) left colic flexure b) transverse colon | a) deep to costal cartilage 8 b) at level of umbilicus, concavely
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| In a SURFACE PROJECTION, where is the spleen SPECIFICALLY located. Do NOT give an abdominal region as your answer. | Deep to left 9th, 10th, & 11th ribs; just posterior to left mid axillary line
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| IN DETAIL. Why does the stomach rotate clockwise around its vertical axis? | Dorsal mesentery of omental bursa grows in length and moves to the left due to clefts on the right side of dorsal mesentery
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| Internally corresponds to alae of the nose; has sweat glands AND hairs | Vestibule
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| Internally corresponds to alae of the nose; has sweat glands and nasal bones | Vestibule
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| Into what meatus does each of the following drain? 1. maxillary sinus 2. frontal sinus | 1. middle 2. middle
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| LANDMARK through which the tendon of the obturator internus exits the pelvis | Lesser sciatic foramen
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| List 2 different mm. occupying the SUPERFICIAL perineal space. | Superficial transverse perineal mm.; Bulbospongiosus m.; Ischiocavernosus m.
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| List 3 differently named structures located in the DEEP perineal space of the MALE | Deep transverse perineal mm.; External urethral sphincter; Bulbourethral glands
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| List the vertebral level of: a) aortic hiatus b) esophageal hiatus | a) T12 b) T10
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| Meatus into which the nasolacrimal duct drains | Inferior meatus
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| Muscle lining the posterior wall of the pelvis | Piriformis
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| Name 2 nerves that are posteriorly related to the kidneys | Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal
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| Name 4 muscles related posteriorly to the kidneys. | Psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis, respiratory diaphragm
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| Name ADULT arteries which develop from the vitellines | Celiac, sup. and inf. Mesenteric
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| Name bony components forming the roof of the nasal CAVITY. BE SPECIFIC! | Nasal bones, frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, body of sphenoid
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| Name given to parietal pleura over apex of lung | Cupula
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| Name given to the majority of smooth muscle forming the wall of the urinary bladder | Detrusor
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| Name given to the upper part of the dorsum nasi supported by nasal bones | Bridge
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| Name the normal positions of the uterus & also DEFINE each. BE SPECIFIC! | Anteverted - positioned forward in such that its axis is NOT parallel with vagina. Anteflexed - body is flexed in a way that the concavity faces anterior and inferior.
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| Name two branches of the perineal artery. | Transverse perineal artery; Posterior scrotal/labial artery
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| Name two structures (as mentioned in lecture) related to the left side of the THORACIC part of the trachea | L recurrent laryngeal nerve; Arch of aorta
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| Part of male duct system which passes through the prostate and into the urethra | Ejaculatory duct
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| Part of pelvic diaphragm which originates off the ischial spine and sacrotuberous ligament | Coccygeus muscle
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| Part of the levator ani that prevents anal incontinence | Puborectalis
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| Potential space anterior to bladder | Retropubic space
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| Pouch immediately posterior to the FEMALE bladder | Vesicouterine pouch
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| Pouch immediately posterior to the MALE Bladder | Rectovesical pouch
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| Scarpa’s fascia of the abdomen continues into the perineum as the _______ layer of the __________ perineal fascia, formerly known as ________ fascia. Anteromedially, this fascia is continuous with the ________ | Deep, superficial, Colles’, dartos
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| Slit-like opening between the FALSE vocal cords | Rima vestibule
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| Specific bladder SURFACES which meet at its NECK | Inferolateral, posterior
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| Specific cup-like structures which surround the apices of the renal papillae (apices of the renal pyramids) ONLY | Minor calyces
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| Specific named part of broad ligament that forms its inferior aspect | Mesometrium
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| Specific part of prostate against the neck of the bladder | Base
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| SPECIFIC structure that supports the tracheal bifurcation | Carina
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| Swelling in the middle meatus, marks position of ethmoid air cell | Ethmoid bulla
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| The anterior recesses of the ischiorectal fossa are located between (superiorly and inferiorly) what two structures? | Superior - levator ani m.; Inferior - deep perineal space
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| The internal pudendal artery TERMINATES as: | Deep and dorsal arteries of clitoris/penis
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| the mucosal reflection over the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane of the larynx | aryepiglottic fold
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| This structure passes upward from the arch of the cricoid cartilage, on its upper edge it is thickened to from the vocal ligaments | Conus elasticus
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| Using the OUTLINE format, name all the branches and sub-branches of the pudendal NERVE. | A. Inferior rectal nerve(not in notes) B. Perineal nerve a) Posterior scrotal/labial nerve b) Deep branches C. Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
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| Using VERTEBRAL LEVELS (be exact), where dot he kidneys lie when in the supine position? Do they move when in the erect position? If so, how far? | Supine, T12 to L2-3; May move CAUDALLY up to 1” in erect position
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| What lies immediately medial to the ANTERIOR half of the uterosacral ligament? | Rectouterine pouch
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| What muscle (s) of the larynx: a) act (s) as a sphincter of the laryngeal inlet?- b) is/are NOT innervated by the recurrent laryngeal n.?- | a) Oblique arytenoid b) Cricothyroid muscle
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| What muscle of the larynx: 1. lengthens and tightens the vocal cord, thus increasing pitch. 2. inserts on the muscular process of the arytenoid and rotates the cartilage medially, but does NOT pull the cartilage anteriorly? | 1. cricothyroid 2. lateral cricothyroid
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| What muscle of the larynx: a) is an antagonist to the cricothyroid m.?- b) extends from posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to the muscular process of the arytenoids cartilage?- | a) Thyroarytenoid muscle b) Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
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| What structure (mentioned in class) is related to the following surfaces of the prostate gland: a) posterior b) base | a) rectum b) bladder
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| What structure mentioned in class is related to the following surfaces of the prostate gland: a) apex b) inferolateral | a) deep perineal space/pouch b) levator ani
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