Special Senses: Eye and Ear Ch14 Terminology
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| Eye | ophthalm/o, ocul/o
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| Orbit | each eye is encased in a protective, bony socket called an orbit
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| Canthi | corners of the eye
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| Eyelids | palpebro/o, blephar/o
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| Palpebral fissure | area where upper and lower eyelids meet
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| Palpebration | blinking/closing ones eyes
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| Conjunctivae | (conjunctiv/o)
membrane that lines eyelids and covers the surface of the eye
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| Meibomian | sebaceous (oil-secreting glands of the skin) of the eyelashes
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| Lacrimal | (lacrim/o)
tear gland
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| lacrimation | the process of producing tears
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| lacrimal glands | dacryoaden/o
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| lacrimal sacs | dacryocyst/o
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| extraocular muscles | attach the eyeball to the orbit and move the eyes
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| outer layer | fibrous tunic
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| sclera | (scler/o)
hard, white covering of the eye
(white of the eye)
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| cornea | (kerat/o, corne/o)
transparent portion of the sclera that covers the anterior section of the eye
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| limbus | border of the cornea, between the cornea and the sclera
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| middle layer | vascular tunic
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| uvea | (uve/o)
Choroid, ciliary body, iris
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| iris | (ir/o, irid/o)
smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to moderate the amount of light that enters the eye
(colored part of the eye)
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| pupil | (pupill/o, cor/o, core/o)
dark area in the center of the iris
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| ciliary body | cycl/o
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| lens | phac/o, phak/o
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| aqueous and vitrous humors | (vitre/o)
jellylike substance
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| inner layer | nervous tunic
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| retina | retin/o
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| rods | responsible for vision in dim light
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| cones | responsible for color vision
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| macula lutea | (macul/o)
area of the retina on which the light rays focus
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| fovea | contains only cones and provides sharpest vision
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| optic disk | (papill/o)
natural blind spot
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| blepharedema | swelling of the eyelid
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| blepharitis | inflammation of the eye
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| blepharoptosis | drooping of the upper eyelid
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| ectropin | turning outward of the eyelid
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| entropion | turning inward of the eyelid toward the eye
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| chalazion | hardened swelling of the meimobian gland resulting from a blockage
(also known as Meibomian cyst)
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| hordeolum | stye
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| dacryoadenitis | inflammation of a lacrimal gland
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| dacryocystitis | inflammation of a lacrimal sac
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| epiphora | overflow of tears
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| xerophthalmia | dry eye
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| conjunctivitis | pink eye
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| ophthalmic neonatorum | severe, purulent conjunctivitis in the newborn, usually due to gnorrheal or chlamydial infection
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| diplopia | double vision
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| emmetropia | normal vision
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| exophthalmia | protrusion of the eyeball from its orbit
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| strabismus | general term for lack of coordination between the eyes, usually due to a muscle weakness or paralysis
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| esotropia | turning inward of one or both eyes
(cross eyed)
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| exotropia | turning outward of one or both eyes
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| photophobia | extreme sensitivity to light
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| myopia | nearsightedness
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| hyperopia | farsightedness
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| astigmatism | malcurvature of the cornea leading to blurred vision
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| presbyopia | progressive loss of elasticity of the lens (usually accompanies aging)
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| corneal ulcer | trauma to the outer covering of the eye resulting in an abrasion
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| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea
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| aphakia | condition of no lens
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| cataract | progressive loss of transparency of the lens of the eye
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| glaucoma | abnormal intraoccular pressure due to obstruction of the outflow of the aqueous humor
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| achromatopsia | color blindness
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| ARMD/AMD | Age-related macular degeneration
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| VA | visual acuity
(Snellen chart)
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| blepharoplasty | surgical repair of the eyelids
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| blepharorrhaphy | suture of the eyelids
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| dacryocystorhinostomy | creation of an opening between the tear sac and the nose
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| enucleation of the eye | removal of the entire eyeball
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| evisceration of the eye | removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the outer coat (sclera) intact
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| exenteration of the eye | removal of the entire contents of the orbit
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| cataract extraction | removal of the lens to treat cataracts
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| IOLs | (Intraocular lenses)
implantable contact lens
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| Phacoemulsification and aspiration of a cataract | vision correction accomplished through the destruction and removal of the contents of the capsule by breaking it into small pieces and removing them by suction
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| scleral buckling | reattachment of the retina with a cryoprobe and the use of a silicone sponge to push the sclera in toward the retinal scar
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| vitrectomy | (vitr/o)
removal of part of all of the vitreous humor
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| lubricants | medications that keep the eyes moist, mimicking natural tears
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| miotics | drugs that cause the pupils to CONSTRICT
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| mydriatics | drugs that cause the pupils to DILATE
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| ophthalmics | drugs applied directly to the eye
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| topical anesthetics | medications used to temporarily anesthetize the eye for the purpose of examination
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| ECCE | extracapsular cataract extraction
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| ICCE | intracapsular cataract extraction
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| IOL | intraocular lens
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| IOP | intraocular pressure
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| OD | RIGHT eye
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| OS | LEFT eye
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| OU | BOTH eyes
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| ear | ot/o, aur/o, auricul/o
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| pinna/auricle | flesh covered cartilage of the outer ear
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| cerumen | (cerumin/o)
ear wax
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| external auditory meatus | meat/o
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| tympanic membrane | (tympan/o, myring/o)
eardrum
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| ossicles/ossicular chain | (ossicul/o)
-malleus
-incus
-stapes (staped/o)
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| eustachian tube | (salping/o)
auditory tube; connection between the ears and the throat that equalizes pressure within the middle ear
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| inner ear | (labyrinth/o)
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| vestibule | (vestibul/o)
utricle, saccule
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| semicircular canals | crista ampullaris
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| inner ear made up of... | -membranous and bony labyrinth
-perilymph and endolymph
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| cochlea | (cochle/o)
-organ of corti
-vestibulocochlear nerve/eighth cranial nerve
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| otalgia/otodynia | ear ache; pain in the ear
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| otorrhea | discharge from the auditory canal
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| tinnitus | abnormal ringing, buzzing or jingling in the ear
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| vertigo | dizziness
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| impacted cerumen | blockage of the external auditory canal with earwax
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| macrotia | condition of abnormally large ears
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| microtia | condition of abnormally small auricles (ears)
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| otitis externa | inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal (swimmer's ear)
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| infectious myringitis | inflammation of the eardrum due to a bacterial or viral infection
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| mastoiditis | inflammation of the mastoid process of the temporal bone
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| otitis media | OM
-inflammation of the middle ear
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| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the inner ear
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| Meniere disease | chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus
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| ruptured tympanic membrane | tear (perforation) in the eardrum due to trauma or disease
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| otoscopy | otoscope
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| typanometry | typanogram
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| UNHS | universal newborn hearing screening
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| OAEs | otoacoustic emissions
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| ABR | auditory brainstem response
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| cochlear implant | device that assists those with hearing loss by electrically stimulating the cochlea
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| mastoidectomy | removal of the mastoid process
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| otoplasty | repair and/or reconstruction of the outer ear
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| stapedectomy | removal of the third ossicle, the stapes from the middle ear
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| typanoplasty | surgical repair of the eardrum
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| typanostomy/myringostomy | surgical creation of an opening through the eardrum to promote drainage and/or allow the introduction of artificial tubes to maintain the opening (also known as myringostomy)
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| typanotomy/myringotomy | incision of the eardrum
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| ENT | ear, nose, throat
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| OM | ititis media
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| Oto | otology
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| TM | tympanic membrane
(eardrum)
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